上海地表灰尘重金属污染的健康风险评价  

Primary research on health risk assessment of heavy metals in road dust of Shanghai

作　　者：常静[1] 刘敏[2] 李先华[1] 林啸[2] 王丽丽[2] 高磊[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海大学通信与信息工程学院,遥感与空间信息科学研究中心,上海200072 [2]华东师范大学资源与环境科学学院,教育部地理信息科学重点实验室,上海200062

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2009年第5期548-554,共7页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40730526)

摘　　要：对上海中心城区文教区、居民区和城市广场等儿童日常活动区域代表样点进行定期采样,共采集48个地表灰尘样品,应用美国EPA人体暴露风险评价方法对地表灰尘重金属进行健康风险评价.结果表明,研究区域地表灰尘重金属污染较为严重,Zn、Pb、Cu和Cd平均值分别为上海市土壤背景值的6-8倍,Cr和Ni超出2-3倍.暴露模型计算表明,重金属慢性每日平均暴露量为手-口接触摄入量〉皮肤吸收量〉吸入空气量,经手-口接触行为直接摄入是儿童地表灰尘暴露风险的主要途径.重金属非致癌风险Pb〉Cr〉Ni〉Cu〉Zn〉Cd,均小于非致癌风险阈值1,对人体不会造成健康危害;致癌重金属致癌风险Cr〉Ni〉Cd,均低于癌症风险阈值,表明不具有致癌风险.The exposure and risk assessment of heavy metals in road dusts for children were carried out by using US EPA Health Risk Assessment Model. 48 road dust samples were collected in cultural and educational area, residential area, and city squares in Shanghai. Concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd were more than 6-8 times, Cr and Ni more than 2-3 times higher than the soil background values. Average dally doses of ingestion of dust particles for all the metals were much higher than those of inhalation of re-suspended dust particles and dermal contact with dust particles. The highest levels of risks seemed to be associated with the route of ingestion of dust particles for all the metals. The order of non-cancer hazard indexes of metals was Pb 〉 Cr 〉 Ni 〉 Cu 〉 Zn 〉 Cd, and the order of carcinogen risks of metals was Cr 〉 Ni 〉 Cd. The non-cancer hazard indexes and carcinogen risks of metals were both lower than their threshold values, respectively, which indicated that the adverse health impact on children exposure to metals in road dusts were relatively light in Shanghai.

关 键 词：地表灰尘 重金属 暴露量 健康风险评价 上海市 

分 类 号：X502[环境科学与工程—环境工程]