基于蜡叶标本分析的湖北海棠种内变异与地理分化研究  

Intraspecific Variation and Geographical Differentiation of Malus hupehensis Based on Exsiccate-specimen Analysis

作　　者：邵文豪[1] 汤庚国[2] 姜景民[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,富阳311400 [2]南京林业大学森林资源与环境学院,南京210037

出　　处：《植物研究》2009年第3期270-275,共6页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项基金(RISF060701);国家科技基础条件平台工作(2007DKA21003-09)

摘　　要：依据馆藏湖北海棠(Malus hupehensis(Pamp.)Rehd.)蜡叶标本,观测并分析花、叶、果实的26个形态性状,利用聚类分析、散点图、多重比较等方法研究种内变异,并探讨其地理分化。结果表明,萼齿形状、萼齿长/萼筒长、叶被毛、叶型大小、果实形状等性状在不同地区间变异较大。花萼齿长/萼筒长有从华东地区向西南地区逐渐变大的趋势,萼齿形状也由华东地区常见的卵形、三角卵形变异过渡到卵状披针形、线状披针形,此变异趋势应是受控于多个数量性状基因及其相互作用,也是外部环境修饰的结果。叶片是较易受外界环境影响的性状,其大小在不同地区间变异较为明显,而叶片由华东地区的多数无毛变异过渡到其它地区的被毛增多,应是对地方分布海拔增高的生态适应。西北—中原地区的果实多为近椭圆形或近卵形,区别于其它地区的圆球形,表现出边缘地方居群易于分化的特点。Based on exsiccate-specimens of Malus hupehensis （ Pamp. and fruits are observed and analyzed, using cluster analysis, scatter ） Rehd. , 26 characters of flowers, leaves diagram, multiple comparison, and other methods. Then, the intraspecific variation and geographical differentiation are studied. Results show that the variations of these characters are obvious among different areas, containing the shape of calyx lobe, ratio of calyx lobe length to calyx tube length, leaf hair, leaf size, and the shape of fruit. Ratio of calyx lobe length to calyx tube length is becoming higher from East China to Southwest China, meanwhile, the shape of calyx lobe changes from ovate, triangle-ovate to lanceolate. This variation trend is not only determined by quantitative trait loci and their interaction but also is affected by environment. Leaf is prone to be changed by environments, and the variation of leaf size is obvious among different areas. The leaf hair is becoming more and more from East China where most of the leaves are glabrous to other areas, and the variation trend should be adapt to altitude increasing. The fruit is nearly oval or ovate in Northwest China and Central Plains, different from rotundate in other areas, showing the features that edge population is prone to differentiate.

关 键 词：湖北海棠 变异 地理分化 聚类分析 

分 类 号：Q949[生物学—植物学]