应激条件下优秀射击、射箭运动员自主神经活动特点的研究  

Study on Characteristics of Autonomic Nervous Activity of Elite Archers and Shooters under Stress

作　　者：经旻[1] 邓光辉[1] 严进[1] 刘伟志[1] 郑樊慧[2] 

机构地区：[1]第二军医大学,上海200433 [2]上海体育科学研究所,上海200030

出　　处：《体育科学》2009年第5期54-58,共5页China Sport Science

基　　金：上海市体育局科研基金项目(07JT017)

摘　　要：目的:通过对应激条件下20名优秀射击射箭运动员和40名普通大学生心率及心率变异性的分析,探讨优秀射击、射箭运动员自主神经活动的特点。方法:实验采用电脑游戏作为应激诱发材料,在被试操作的同时记录心率和心率变异性指标。结果:1)主动应激条件优秀的射击射箭运动员的焦虑体验显著低于普通大学生。2)两组被试在三个阶段的HRP主效应显著[F(2,116)=59.986,P<0.01],LF主效应显著[F(2,116)=9.731,P<0.01],HF主效应显著[F(2,116)=4.462,P<0.05],LFnu主效应显著[F(2,1163.821,P<0.05]HFnu主效应不显著。3)组间比较HF在不同阶段有显著主效应[F(1,58)=7.902,P<0.01]。组别与阶段之间在LF[F(2,116)=4.884,P<0.05]和HF[F(2,116)=5.032,P<0.05]有显著交互作用。4)x2检验表明,预期阶段共同激活模式在两组被试中分布存在显著差异(x2=4.051,df=1,P=0.044);应对阶段共同激活模式在两组被试中分布存在显著差异(x2=5.714,df=1,P=0.017)。结论:优秀的射击射箭运动员在交感神经和副交感神经兴奋的强度和时间跨度上高于普通大学生,尤其副交感神经的调节功能更加强大;无论在预期和应对阶段运动员都以共同激活模式为主,相较于普通大学生,他们心率增加的幅度更小,单位时间内增加的坡度更平缓,活动也更稳定。Objective：To explore characteristics of autonomic nervous activity of excellent shooters and archers by analyzing heart rate and heart rate variability of 20 elite shooters and archers,40 ordinary university students. Method： Using computer games as a stressor, subjects＇ heart rate and heart rate variability were recorded during the experiment. Result ： 1） The anxious experience of elite shooters and archers were lower than that of ordinary college students under active stress condition. 2）There were obvious main effects of two groups of participants in HRP（F（2,116）=59. 986,P〈0.01）,LF（F（2,116）=9.731,P〈0.01）,HF （F（2, 116） =4. 462,P〈0.05）and LFnu （F（2,116）=3. 821,P〈0.05） ,while no obvious main effects in HFnu. 3）HF had obvious main effects between the two groups of participants（F（1, 58） = 7. 902, P〈 0. 01 ）in different periods. The groups and periods had significant interact effect in LF（F（2,116） =4. 884,P〈0.05）and HF （F（2,116） =5. 032,P〈0.05）. 4）The results of 2 test showed that there was a significant difference in the distribution of co-activation patterns in the two groups of participants both in expected period（x^2 =4. 051 ,df= 1, P =0. 044） and coping period （x^2 = 5. 714, df = 1, P = 0. 01. Conclusion： The sympathetic nerve activity and parasympathetic nerve activity of elite shooters and archers are much higher than that of ordinary university students in intensity and time span, especially for the parasym- pathetic nerve system . During expecting and coping period, co-activation patterns manifested itself in athletes. Compared with ordinary university students, the amplitude of athletes＇ heart rate increased a little, slope gradient that increases in unit time were alleviated and activities were much more stable.

关 键 词：射击 射箭 运动员 心率变异性 自主神经控制模式 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]