苍耳柄锈菌三裂叶豚草专化型冬孢子萌发过程及萌发条件的研究  

Teliospore germination process and affecting factors of Puccinia xanthii f.sp.ambrosiae-trifidae

作　　者：曲波[1,2] 吕国忠[2] 杨红[1] 刘绍芹[1] 陈伟之[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学生物技术学院,沈阳110161 [2]大连民族学院生物资源与环境研究所,大连116600

出　　处：《菌物学报》2009年第3期385-392,共8页Mycosystema

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.30471152,30871651);辽宁省科技攻关项目(No.20070358-321,2008207001)

摘　　要：本文采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜技术及荧光染色技术,对苍耳柄锈菌三裂叶豚草专化型Puccinia xanthii sp.ambrosiae-trifidae冬孢子的萌发过程和萌发条件进行了研究。结果表明:冬孢子堆成熟时突破寄主表皮外露;在寄主上冬孢子萌发时由上细胞顶部出现皱褶和帽状物,由帽状物下伸出担子。冬孢子的上细胞和下细胞都可萌发;冬孢子在水中于25℃2h即可萌发,24h后达到萌发高峰,萌发率为12%;温度20-25℃、相对湿度97%以上、pH5-7的条件利于冬孢子萌发,光照对冬孢子萌发没有影响,木糖和乳糖对冬孢子萌发有促进作用;无机氮源营养对冬孢子萌发有抑制作用。肌醇、烟酸、核黄素及三裂叶豚草叶汁对冬孢子萌发有促进作用。The teliospore germination process and affecting factors ofPuccinia xanthii sp. ambrosiae-trifidae were studied by means of light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and fluorescence microscopy. The telia were initially subepidermal and erumpent after maturation. The teliospores tended to be rumpled and formed a cap-like protrusion at the apex before germination, and then basidia arised from underneath of the cap-like protrusion. The upper and lower cells of teliospores were capable of germination. The teliospores began to germinate in water in two hours at 25℃ and reached the maximum germination rate of 12% in 24 hours in vitro. Temperature of 20--25℃, relative humidity above 97% and pH5--7 were favorable to their germination. Light didn＇t show any effect on germination. Xylose and lactose could stimulate their germination. Inorganic nitrogen sources inhibit their germination. Among the organic nitrogen sources phaseomannite, nicotinic acid and lactoflavin promoted the germination. The leaf juice of Ambrosia trifida was found to be the most favorable to their germination, which significantly the germination rate by 31% .

关 键 词：温度 相对湿度 碳源 氮源 萌发率 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]