岩溶峰丛山地脆弱生态系统重建技术研究  

Study of Fragile Ecosystem Reconstruction Technology in the Karst Peak-cluster Mountain

作　　者：蒋忠诚[1] 李先琨[2] 曾馥平[3] 邱泗杰[4] 邓艳[1] 罗为群[1] 覃小群[1] 谢运球[1] 蓝芙宁[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所,广西桂林541004 [2]中国科学院广西植物研究所,广西桂林541006 [3]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,湖南长沙410125 [4]广西山区综合技术开发中心,广西南宁530012

出　　处：《地球学报》2009年第2期155-166,共12页Acta Geoscientica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题“喀斯特峰丛山地脆弱生态系统重建技术研究”(编号:2006BAC01A10)资助

摘　　要：2008年,在广西平果果化、马山弄拉、环江古周等典型峰丛山地示范区,实施了土地整理,开发表层岩溶泉5个,兴建调蓄水资源水柜3000多方。采用生物覆盖技术延长了土壤保水期。通过育苗20余万株、采种直播200kg,人工诱导使育林面积达400hm2,引进20种牧草种植面积200多亩。构建了果-草-养殖-沼、粮-草-养殖-沼、林-草-养殖、林-粮-养殖等复合模式。形成了火龙果、金银花、苦丁茶、木豆、黄皮、种草养牛等新生态产业,完善了不同环境峰丛洼地的生态重建模式与配套技术。农民年收入增加20%以上,石漠化得到了有效治理。加强了生态环境监测,在岩溶环境与土壤质量变化、水土流失过程、生态系统水分运移与利用、岩溶生态系统脆弱性评价与生态重建服务功能评价等方面取得显著进展,发表论文30多篇,培养研究生12人。The land arrangement of over 1500 hm^2 karst Nongla of Mashan and Guzhou of Huanjiang, Guangxi, peak-cluster demonstration area in Guohua of Pingguo, was completed. Lots of techniques and methods were studied and put into practice in 2008, such as land consolidation, exploitation of five epikarst springs, construction of more than 3000 m3 water tanks and utilization of biological mulching technology to extend the soil water retaining phase. Meanwhile, more than 400 hm^2 forests were cultivated on the basis of collection and direct sowing of 200 kg seeds and artificial induction, and a plant area of more than 200 mu was cultivated by introducing 20 kinds of forage species. With these techniques and methods, some good results were achieved. A new ecological industry was formed, many economic crops like Hyloceseus, Lonicera japonica, Ilex Latifolia Thunb, piqeon pea, Clausena lansium and grass were planted for breeding cattle. As a result, the ecological rehabilitation model and matching technology have been perfected in peak-cluster depressions under different conditions, the annual mean income of local people has increased by 20%, rocky desertification has been controlled and eco-environmental monitoring has been strengthened. Significant progress has been made in quite a few research aspects, such as the change of karst environment and soil quality, the process of soil and water loss, the utilization and movement of water in the ecosystem, and the vulnerability and ecological service function evaluation of the karst ecosystem. In addition, more than 30 papers have been published and 12 postgraduates have been trained.

关 键 词：岩溶峰丛山地:石漠化 综合治理 生态重建 

分 类 号：S273.4[农业科学—农业水土工程] P642.25[农业科学—农业工程]