反应型双子表面活性剂的合成及性能研究  

Study on Synthesis and Properties of Reactive Gemini Surfactants

作　　者：李刚森[1] 王军[1] 杨许召[1] 栾立辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]郑州轻工业学院,河南省表界面科学重点实验室,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《精细与专用化学品》2009年第10期33-35,共3页Fine and Specialty Chemicals

基　　金：河南省教育厅科技攻关项目(编号:2008A530008)

摘　　要：双子型表面活性剂是两个结构相同或不同的表面活性剂分子通过联接基团连接而成分子,其中至少含有两个疏水链和两个亲水基团(离子或极性基团)[1],双子表面活性剂的特殊结构使得其性质也比较特殊,如低的CMC、较好的润湿性、更好的分散力、溶解性、泡沫力和相行为等优良的性能[2],使得其广泛应用于杀菌[3]、环保、造纸、选矿、采油等[4]方面。而反应型表面活性剂是指带有反应基团的表面活性剂[5]。虽然目前对双子表面活性剂的研究已经很多,但是对于反应型的双子表面活性剂研究的还较少。本文以溴代烷、二乙醇胺、1,2-二溴乙烷为原料,通过两步反应合成了一系列不同碳链长度的双子表面活性剂,对含羟基阳离子型双子表面活性剂的合成及性能进行了研究,对不同碳链长度双子表面活性剂的表面张力和泡沫性能进行了表征。Aseries of gemini surfactants with different length of carbon chains were synthesized through two-step reactions with bromic alkanes, diethanolamine and ethylene dibromide as raw materials. The intermediates, N,N-dihydroxyethyl alkyl tertiary amine were prepared from bromic alkanes and diethanolamine firstly, under the optimum synthesis conditions as follows: the molar ratio of bromic alkanes to diethanolamine was 1:1.1, using ethyl alcohol as solvent with reaction time of 5h at reflex temperature. Then the final products were synthesized from N,N-dihydroxyethyl alkyl tertiary amine and ethylene dibromide in the presence of isopropyl alcohol as solvent. The chemical structure of final products were characterized by IR. The surface tension of gemini surfactants were determined respectively, the results indicated that with the increase of carbon chain length, the surface tension of the products tended to increase at first, and then decrease subsequently, meanwhile the foaming power gradually increased, and the foam stability increased obviously.

关 键 词：双子表面活性剂 性能 反应型 合成 极性基团 亲水基团 联接基团 结构相 

分 类 号：TQ423[化学工程]