从遗传学、基因组学回顾与展望杂种优势的应用  

Review and Prospect on Genetics and Genomics Researches on Application of Heterosis

作　　者：秦泰辰[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农学院杂种优势研究室,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2009年第2期421-427,共7页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏省农业科技重大攻关项目(BG96511-0-3)

摘　　要：早在3000年前人类就发现了杂种优势现象,但在农业生产上较大面积种植杂交种,是在20世纪30年代。经过大半个世纪的发展,杂种优势已在多种作物上推广,为解决人类的食品供给发挥了重大作用。回顾孟德尔遗传学的研究历史,从正向遗传学的方法所得结果,来研讨杂种优势利用的成效和机理。DNA分子结构的发现,使遗传学得到升华;基因组学又把遗传学带入崭新的领域,极大地促进了生物科学的创新。从现有分子生物学的研究和基因组分析所获得的知识将成为理解杂种优势的重要基础。同时,分析了杂种优势的研究方向和突破途径。About 3 000 years ago the heterotic phenomenon was dicovered by human. Its application in broad production in agriculture was since 1930. So far, heterosis has been extented on many crops, which has played an important role in increasing food supply for human being. The efficiency and mechanism of heterosis utilization was dicussed in the article by looking back at the history of Mendel genetics which was adopted by forarara genetics. The molecular biology and genomics research may bring forth new ideas to better understand and utilize heterosis. The approcbes to breaking through the heterosis researches was analysed.

关 键 词：杂种优势 雄性不育性 基因组学 分子标记 杂种优势群 

分 类 号：S188[农业科学—农业基础科学]