澳门夏季大气颗粒物单颗粒微观形貌分析  

Investigations of Microscopic Morphology of Individual Inhalable Particulates in Macao in Summer

作　　者：杨书申[1,2] 邵龙义[1] 王志石[3] 邓宇华[3] 沈蓉蓉[1] 李卫军[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)资源与地球科学系,煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室,北京100083 [2]中原工学院环境工程系,郑州450007 [3]澳门大学科技学院,中国澳门

出　　处：《环境科学》2009年第5期1514-1519,共6页Environmental Science

基　　金：澳门科技发展基金项目(023/2006/A);国家自然科学基金项目(40575065);教育部科技创新工程重点项目培育资金项目(705022)

摘　　要：应用高分辨率场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）和图像分析技术,研究了澳门地区夏季（2007年7月）大气可吸入颗粒物的形貌特征以及不同种类颗粒物的数量-粒度和等效体积-粒度分布.结果表明,澳门可吸入颗粒物中,烟尘集合体和矿物颗粒普遍存在;矿物颗粒为不规则状,烟尘集合体有链状、蓬松状等形态;烟尘集合体在数量上平均分别约占30%-40%,矿物颗粒在数量上平均分别约占20%,烟尘集合体颗粒较多说明澳门夏季受机动车尾气影响较重.澳门大气PM10的等效粒径主要分布在0.2-0.4μm范围内,主要为较细粒子.颗粒物种类有明显的地点差异,交通繁忙的高士德马路路口以烟尘集合体居多（平均47%）,且其粒径在较宽范围内都有分布（0.1-0.8μm）;隧道内亦以烟尘集合体的比例较大,可高达59%;货运码头采样点以矿物颗粒较多.By means of high resolution field emission scanning electron microcopy （FESEM） and image analysis （IA）, microscopic morphologies and the number-size and volume-size distributions of different types of individual inhalable particles collected in Macao in summer of 2007 were investigated. The results showed that the soot aggregates and mineral particles were ubiquitous in the PM10 of Macao in July, 2007. The mineral particles mostly showed an irregular morphology and the soot aggregates displayed chain-like and fluffy morphology. The soot aggregates accounted for approximately 30%-40% in average by number, and the mineral particles accounted for approximately 20% . The relatively higher percentages of more soot aggregates implied that emission from motor vehicle exhausts was serious in Macao during summer. The number-size distributions revealed that the majority of the particles in PM10 of Macao were fine particles, with the equivalent diameter being concentrated in a range from 0.2-0.4 μm. A distinct spatial difference existed in the types of particles collected at different sampling sites. Soot particles dominated the busy transportation sites and the tunnel site, while the mineral particles had a higher proportion at the dock site.

关 键 词：可吸入颗粒物 图像分析 场发射扫描电镜(FESEM) 澳门 珠江三角洲 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]