氮肥运筹对大苗三角强化栽培水稻生理和产量的影响  

Effect of Different Fertilization Application Manners on Physiological Traits and Grain Yield under Planting Method of TSRI of Older Seedlings with 7 Leaves

作　　者：陈宇[1] 马均[1] 童平[1] 朱萍[1] 李树杏[1] 王根齐 许远明 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学水稻研究所,四川温江611130 [2]眉山市东坡区农业局,四川眉山620010

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2009年第2期357-363,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家粮食丰产科技工程(2006BAD02A05);四川省育种公关专项(2006yzgg-28)

摘　　要：在施纯氮总量180 kg.hm-2下,以II优498为材料,研究大苗移栽三角强化栽培水稻前中后期不同氮肥施用比例对苗情动态、叶面积、干物质积累及运转、叶绿素含量、光合速率、茎基部伤流量、成熟期各器官氮素含量、产量等的影响。结果表明,在7种施肥方式下,依产量从大到小排序,底、蘖、穗、粒肥比例依次是5∶3∶1∶1、5∶3∶2∶0、6∶3∶1∶0、7∶3∶0∶0、6∶4∶0∶0、10∶0∶0∶0、5∶5∶0∶0。在强化栽培条件下,只施底肥和分蘖肥的处理显著低于施用底蘖穗粒肥处理的产量,其叶面积衰退速率高,成熟期的伤流强度低,收获指数低。而采用底、蘖、穗、粒肥比5∶3∶1∶1施肥处理,从齐穗期到成熟期根系活力下降最慢,有利于延缓稻株根系衰老;它在齐穗期净光合速率最高,在成熟期净光合速率居中,叶面积衰退率最慢,前期SPAD上升幅度和后期下降幅度均慢,有利于提高齐穗后光合产物积累量占全生育期光合产物积累量的比例。Effects of nitrogen application regimes,based on the proportion of base-tillering fertilizer to panicle and grain-filling fertilizer supply of TSRI transplanted in 7 leaves stage,were studied on seedling growth, leaf areas, accumulation and transleeation of dry matter, content of chlorophyll, photosynthesis rate, the bleeding intensity at basal interaede, nitrogen content in different organs in harvest period and yield. The seven treatments were sorted in a descending order of 5：4： 1：0,7：3：0：0,6：3：1：0,5：3：2：0,6：4：0：0,10：0：0：0,5：5：0：0 according to yield. The treatments which only using base-tillering fertilizer had a significantly lower yield and it had a rapidly decreasing rate of LA1, a low bleeding strength and harvest indexes. When the ratio of basal fertilizer, tiller fertilizer,panicle fertilize and grain-filling fertilizer was 5： 3： 1： 1, it had the lowest decrease of bleeding strength from the full heading period to the mature period that was benefit of delaying the senescence of the root ,and its net photosynthesis was the highest in full heading stage and the net photosynthesis was in medium size during maturity period and the decreasing rate of leaves area was the slowest. Both the increasing proportion of SPAD in early period and the decreasing of SPAD in late period were slow. All the characters were benefit of enhancing the rate of dry matter accumulating after the full heading.

关 键 词：三角强化栽培 施氮方法 生理指标 群体质量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]