三尖杉科的核形态学研究  

A KARYOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF CEPHALOTAXACEAE

作　　者：顾志建[1] 周其兴[1] 岳中枢[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院昆明植物研究所

出　　处：《植物分类学报》1998年第1期47-52,共6页Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica

基　　金：云南省自然科学基金

摘　　要：４种三尖杉科植物的核形态结构的研究结果如下：它们的间期核均为复杂染色中心型，分裂前期染色体属于中间型，体细胞分裂中期染色体的核型为：（１）三尖杉ＣｅｐｈａｌｏｔａｘｕｓｆｏｒｔｕｎｅｉＨｏｏｋ．ｆ．，Ｋ２ｎ＝２４＝２１ｍ＋１Ｍ＋２ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ），核型不对称性属于２Ａ型，着丝点端化值（ＴＣ％）为５３９９；（２）高山三尖杉Ｃ．ａｌｐｉｎａ（Ｌｉ）Ｌ．Ｋ．Ｆｕ，Ｋ２ｎ＝２４＝１９ｍ＋３Ｍ＋２ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ），核型不对称性属于２Ａ型，ＴＣ％值为５３９３；（３）海南粗榧（西双版纳粗榧）Ｃ．ｍａｎｎｉＨｏｏｋ．ｆ．，Ｋ２ｎ＝２４＝２２ｍ（１ＳＡＴ）＋２ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ），核型不对称性属于２Ａ型，ＴＣ％值为５４４７；（４）篦子三尖杉Ｃ．ｏｌｉｖｅｒｉＭａｓｔ．，Ｋ２ｎ＝２４＝２２ｍ＋２ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ），核型不对称性属于２Ｂ型，ＴＣ％值为５３５３。４种三尖杉的染色体结构都是１～２２号染色体为ｍ染色体，２３和２４号染色体为ｓｍ染色体并具随体，其随体较大而稳定。它们的核形态结构较为相似，从核型参数上看似乎三尖杉和高山三尖杉的亲缘关系最近，种间的中期染色体结构也有一些细微差异。除三尖杉Ｃ．ｆｏｒｔｕｎｅｉ?The present paper has investigated the karyomorphology of 4 species in the Cephalotaxaceae for the first time. The morphology of interphase nuclei of all these species was found to belong to the complex chromocenter type, to be with a big dark stained chromatin block which lies in one side of cells and many dark stained chromatin particles evenly distributed in the cells. And the somatic chromosomes at mitotic prophase of these species belong to the interstitial type, contain many heterochromatic and euchromatic segments arranged one after another. The karyotypes of metaphase chromosomes were formulated to be K2n=24=21m+1M+2sm(2SAT) for C. fortunei, K2n=24=19m+3M+2sm(2SAT) for C. alpina, K2n=24=22m+2sm(2SAT) for C. oliveri, and K2n=24=22m(1SAT)+2sm(2SAT) for C. mannii. The karyotype asymmetry of C. fortunei, C. alpina and C. mannii was all of 2A type, except that of C. oliveri being 2B type. The centromeric terminalization value (T C %) was 53 99% for C. fortunei, 53 93% for C. alpina, 54 47% for C. mannii and 53 53% for C. oliveri respectively. The four species in the Cephalotaxaceae share the similar karyotype at the metaphase stage, in which No 1 to No 22 were m chromosomes (including M chromosomes), and No 23 to No 24 were sm chromosomes with satellites on their short arms. As these two sm chromosomes with satellites were stable and obvious, we consider them as chromosomes typical of the Cephalotaxaceae. Nevertheless there also exist differences among the four species, i e. No 22 m chromosome of C. mannii still having a satellite on its short arm, while there were no satellites on the short arms of the other three species. In addition, the number and location of secondary constriction of the other three species are different from each other, but no satellites were observed in C. alpina because of the extreme contraction of the chromosomes. From the karyotypic parameters mentioned above, C. fortunei and C. alpina have the closest relationship.

关 键 词：三尖杉科 核形态学 细胞核 

分 类 号：Q949.660.2[生物学—植物学]