浙江金华地区小麦-杂草群落中杂草生态位的研究  

WEED SPECIES NICHE IN WHEAT FIELDS IN JINHUA, ZHEJIANG PROVINCE

作　　者：郭水良 李扬汉[1,2] 赵铁桥[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学生物系 [2]南京农业大学农学系

出　　处：《植物生态学报》1998年第1期76-84,共9页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

摘　　要：应用７级目测法调查了浙江金华地区１６个麦田样点的杂草优势度等级，并将所得数据转换成重要值，以此计测了它们的生态位宽度；以小麦－杂草群落梯度代替生态因子梯度，用生态因子间隔作为生态位重叠值计算中的加权因子，采用王刚提出的生态位计算公式，对该地区小麦－杂草群落中的杂草生态位重叠值进行了计算；同时用聚类分析中的最大树法，以生态位重叠值作为指标，作出了能直观反映该地区麦田２２种主要杂草生态学相似程度的最大树。结果表明，看麦娘（Ａｌｏｐｅｃｕｒｕｓａｅｑｕａｌｉｓ）、野燕麦（Ａｖｅｎａｆａｔｕａ）、春蓼（Ｐｏｌｙｇｏｎｕｍｐｅｒｓｉｃａ）、猪殃殃（Ｇａｌｉｕｍａｐａｒｉｎｅｔｅｎｅｒｕｍ）、雀舌草（Ｓｔｅｌａｒｉａａｌｓｉｎｅ）、牛繁缕（Ｍａｌａｃｈｉｕｍａｑｕａｔｉｃｕｍ）、通泉草（Ｍａｚｕｓｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｓ）、卷耳（Ｃｅｒａｓｔｉｕｍｖｉｓｃｏｓｕｍ）、繁缕（Ｓｔｅｌａｒｉａｍｅｄｉａ）、波斯婆婆纳（Ｖｅｒｏｎｉｃａｐｅｒｓｉｃａ）等杂草生态位较宽，它们是本地区麦田的主要杂草。２２种杂草中，野燕麦与猪殃殃、波斯婆婆纳、卷耳、艾蒿（Ａｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａａｒｇｙｉ）、荠菜（Ｃａｐｓｅｌａｂｕｒｓａ－ｐａｓｔｏｒｉｓ）?In the wheat fields in Jinhua,Zhejiang province,160 random sampling fields in 16 sites under different ecological conditions were surveyed in detail with seven scales by visualization of weed dominance to wheat to obtain the weed important value.Based on the community cluster analysis of the 16 sites,their intervals of ecological distance were calculated,the species niche breadth and the niche overlap of weed species were then worked out on the basis of the data above.The maximum tree revealing the ecological similarity of 22 weeds in wheat fields in Jinhua was drawed based on the niche overlap.The results show that Alopecurus aequalis,Avena fatua,Polygonum persica,Galium aparine var.tenerum,Stellaria alsine,Malachium aquaticum,Mazus japonicus,Cerastium viscosum.Stellaria media,Veronica persica had the bigger niche breadth,being the main weeds in wheat fields in Jinhua.Among the 22 weeds,the hish niche overlaps occurred among Avena fatua,Galium aparine var.tenerum,Veronica persica,Cerastium viscosum,Artemisia argyi and Capsella bursapastoris,while the niche overlaps between Alopecurus aequalis,Polygonum persica,Stellaria alsine,Malachium aquaticum,Veronica undulata,Polypogon fugax and Lapsana apogonoides were higher,too.

关 键 词：生态位宽度 生态位重叠 杂草 小麦 

分 类 号：S512.101[农业科学—作物学] Q948.157[生物学—植物学]