松嫩草原两种碱茅群落水分生态的比较研究  

THE COMPARISON STUDY ON WATER ECOLOGY OF TWOPUCCINELLIA COMMUNITIES IN SONGNEN GRASSLAND

作　　者：王仁忠[1,2] 高琼[1,2] 李建东[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学国家草地生态工程实验室 [2]中国科学院植物研究所

出　　处：《生态学报》1998年第1期106-112,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：采用自行设计的蒸散仪和加拿大产的自动气象设备测定了松嫩草原星星草群落和朝鲜碱茅群落的蒸散、蒸腾量及其环境因子。分析结果表明，同种环境条件下，两种碱茅群落及不同环境条件下同种群落的蒸散、蒸腾速率差异显著。两种群落蒸散、蒸腾速率与太阳辐射强度、空气温度、相对湿度、风速等因子紧密相关，其中太阳辐射强度起主导作用。生长季降雨和土壤含水量在两种碱茅群落水分循环与平衡的过程中起重要的调节作用。在１９９２年５～８月的生长季中，除降雨量较大的７月份两种碱茅群落水分盈余外，其它月份水分均亏缺。在整个生长季中星星草和朝鲜碱茅群落的蒸散耗水量（分别为２３５．０ｍｍ和２０８．１ｍｍ）均大于同期降雨量（１５９．７ｍｍ），其结果是两种群落水分亏缺严重，其中星星草群落水分亏缺较多。Evapotranspiration(ET) and transpiration(Tr) of Puccinellia tenuiflora and Puccinellia chinamopensis communities were recorded by using artificial lysimeters in growing season in Songnen grassland,together with climate data,such as air temperature,air relative humidity,radiation,wind speed,soil moisture and canopy water storage.The results show that the ET and Tr of each community varied significantly in different months,the ET and Tr of two communities were different in the same month.The diurnal variations of ET and Tr had strang relations with radiation.air temperature,air relative humidity and wind speed.Solar radiation played a leading role.The precipitation.ET,soil water storage and canopy water storage were main parts of soilvegetationair water flow system at Songnen grassland.During growing season,the water deficits were very serious in May,June and August,but the rainfall was much more than community evapotranspiration in July.Owing to the precipitation was much less than ET in the whole growing season,water deficits were very serious in two Puccinellia communities in 1992.

关 键 词：草原 松嫩草原 碱茅群落 水分生态 

分 类 号：Q948.112.3[生物学—植物学] S812[农业科学—草业科学]