摄食水平对几种重要海水养殖鱼类生长和氮收支的影响  

Effects of ration on growth and nitrogen budgets of several important marine-cultured fishes

作　　者：孙丽华[1,2] 陈浩如[1,2] 黄洪辉[1,3] 黄良民[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南海海洋研究所,广东广州510301 [2]中国科学院大亚湾海洋生物综合实验站,广东深圳518121 [3]农业部渔业生态环境重点开放实验室

出　　处：《水产学报》2009年第3期470-478,共9页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家基金重点项目资助(40531006);广东省科技厅"十五"重大科技专项资助项目(2001A305020201);农业部渔业生态环境重点实验室开放基金资助;广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室开放基金资助(2006-5);中国科学院南海海洋研究所青年人才领域前沿项目资助(SQ200706)

摘　　要：采用生物能量学方法研究了不同摄食水平(从饥饿至饱食)时军曹鱼幼鱼(平均初始体重10.0 g)、青石斑鱼幼鱼(平均初始体重5.5 g)和卵形鲳鲹幼鱼(平均初始体重7.7 g)的生长和氮收支,建立了生长和氮排泄与摄食水平的回归方程。结果表明,军曹鱼幼鱼特定生长率随摄食水平的增加呈显著增长趋势,在9%和饱食两个摄食水平之间无显著性差异,而青石斑鱼和卵形鲳鲹幼鱼的特定生长率随摄食水平增加呈线性增长趋势;饱食时,青石斑鱼和卵形鲳鲹幼鱼的生长速率接近而明显低于军曹鱼幼鱼的。军曹鱼幼鱼食物转化效率随摄食水平的增加呈先增长后下降的趋势,在9%/d摄食水平组有最大值,而青石斑鱼和卵形鲳鲹幼鱼食物转化效率随摄食水平的增加而持续增长,在饱食摄食水平时有最大值;饱食时,军曹鱼和青石斑鱼幼鱼的食物转化效率接近而明显高于卵形鲳鲹幼鱼的。3种海水鱼摄食氮、排粪氮、生长氮和排泄氮均随摄食水平的增加呈显著增长趋势;比较可知,军曹鱼幼鱼的摄食氮和排泄氮均最大,而青石斑鱼幼鱼的最小。军曹鱼、青石斑鱼和卵形鲳鲹幼鱼饱食和次饱食摄食水平时的氮收支方程分别为100CN=7.7(6.0)FN+22.6(31.3)GN+69.7(62.68)UN、100CN=2.7(2.8)FN+20.9(8.4)GN+76.4(88.8)UN和100CN=1.8(1.4)FN+12.8(9.3)GN+85.4(89.3)UN(氮收支方程括号中的为次饱食数据);3种海水鱼饱时和次饱食时摄食氮中用于排粪的比例较小且变化不大,军曹鱼次饱食时摄食氮中用于生长的比例较饱食时的大而用于排泄的比例较饱食时的小,青石斑鱼和卵形鲳鲹幼鱼的则相反。因此,鱼类的氮排泄率和氮收支方程存在种间差异,而当食物中氮含量较为接近时,摄食量增大是导致鱼类氮排泄增加的主要原因之一。综合考虑生长、食物转化效率、氮排泄和氮收支方程各因素,可得出在实验的生长阶段,3种海水养殖鱼中,军�Growth and nitrogen budgets of young cobia （average initial body weight 10.0 g）, yellow grouper （average initial body weight 5.5 g） and ovate pampano （average initial body weight 7.7 g） at different rations （from starvation to satiation） were studied, and the relationships between growth as well as nitrogenous excretion and ration were established in this paper. The results showed that as ration increased, specific growth rate （SGR） of young cobia increased with a decelerating pattern and there was no significant difference of SGR between satiation and subsatiation （9% per day） ration, but SGR of young yellow grouper and ovate pampano increased with a linear pattern. Among three fish species SGR of young yellow grouper and ovate pampano were similar but much slower than that of young cobia. As ration increased, feed conversion efficiency （FCE） of young cobia first increased, peaked at 9% per day ration and then decreased, but FCE of young yellow grouper and ovate pampano increased along and peaked at satiation ration. Among three fish species, FCE of young cobia and yellow grouper at satiation ration were similar, but much higher than that of young ovate pampano. Food nitrogen （CN）, faeces nitrogen （FN）, growth nitrogen （GN） and excretion nitrogen （UN） all increased with increased ration for three fish species. CN and UN were highest for young cobia and lowest for young yellow grouper. The nitrogen budgets of young cobia, yellow grouper and ovate pampano at satiation and subsatiation ration were 100 CN = 7.7（6.0）FN ＋ 22.6（31.3）GN ＋ 69.7（62.68）UN、100CN = 2.7（2.8） FN ＋ 20.9（8.4）GN ＋ 76.4（88.8） UN和100CN = 1.8（1.4）FN ＋ 12.8（9.3） GN ＋ 85.4（89.3） UN （the data in bracket indicated those at subsatiation ration）, respectively. Both the proportions of food nitrogen lost in faeces and the variations of the proportions for three fish species were small. For young cobia at subsatiation ration （9% per day） the pr

关 键 词：军曹鱼 青石斑鱼 卵形鲳鲹 生长 氮收支 摄食水平 

分 类 号：Q959.4[生物学—动物学] S963[农业科学—水产养殖]