椒江口潮间带大型底栖动物的生态位  

Niche of macrozoobenthos in intertidal zone of Jiaojiang Estuary

作　　者：赵永强[1] 曾江宁[1] 高爱根[1] 陈全震[1] 寿鹿[1] 廖一波[1] 黄逸君[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第二海洋研究所海洋生态系统与生物地球化学国家重点实验室,杭州310012

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2009年第5期1176-1183,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：海洋公益项目(200705015);中国近海海洋综合调查与评价专项(ZJ908-01-01-03;ZJ908-02-02;ZJ908-01-02-06;908-02-04-02;908-ZC-Ⅱ-04);国家海洋局第二海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项(JG200815;JT0806)资助.

摘　　要：2007年10月,运用生态位理论,对椒江口潮间带大型底栖动物优势种群生态位宽度和生态位重叠进行了分析,并采用典范对应分析法分析了各采样断面自然因子(盐度、水温、沉积物温度、滩涂宽度和沉积物粒度)和污染因子(油类、重金属含量)对环境异质性的影响以及环境因子与各类群生物数量分布的关系.结果表明:研究区大型底栖动物的优势种按取食方式可分为穴居底表捕食型、底表啮食型、底内滤食型和底内吞食型四大类群;各优势种群间生态位宽度的差异较大,最大值和最小值分别为0.428和0.168,表明各类群动物对环境因子的适应能力存在差异;在生态位重叠值大于0.6水平上,日本大眼蟹与明秀大眼蟹(第一类群)间和微黄镰玉螺、泥螺、习见织纹螺、勋章饰孔螺、短拟沼螺、彩拟蟹守螺(第二类群)间以及光滑河蓝蛤、中国绿螂、彩虹明樱蛤(第三类群)间的生态位重叠较为显著,对环境资源利用方式较为相似.The niche width and niche overlap of macrozoobenthos dominant species in the intertidal zone of Jiaojiang Estuary in October 2007 were analyzed based on niche theory, and the effects of natural factors （salinity, water temperature, sediment temperature, beach width, and sediment grain size） and environmental factors （contents of oils and heavy metals） on the environmental heterogeneity as well as the relationships between selected environmental factors and quantitative distribution of various groups of macrozoobenthos were studied by using canonical correspondence analysis method. The macrozoobenthos dominant species in study area were classified into four groups, i. e. , burrowing surface predator, surface grazer, subsurface filter feeder, and subsurface swallow feeder, based on their feeding types. There were great differences in the niche widths among the groups, with the maximum of 0. 428 and the minimum of 0. 168, which suggested that different groups had different adaptive capacity to the environmental factors. At the level of niche overlap value higher than 0. 6, Macrophthalmus japonicas and M. definitus of Group 1, Lunatica gilva, Bullacta exarata, Decorifera insignis, Assiminea brevicula and Cerithidae ornate of Group 2, and Moerella iridescens, Glauconome chinensis and Potamocorbula laevis of Group 3 had a biologically significant niche overlap, indicating their similar behavior in utilizing natural feeding resources.

关 键 词：河口潮间带 底栖动物 优势种 生态位 典范对应分析 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]