春化处理对小麦生育期及幼穗分化效应的基因型差异  

Genotypic Diffrerences on Effect of Vernalization Treatment on Growing Period and Spike Differentiation in Wheat

作　　者：杨宗渠[1] 尹钧[2] 任江萍[2] 李永春[2] 袁秀云[1] 

机构地区：[1]郑州师范高等专科学校生命科学系,河南郑州450044 [2]河南农业大学国家小麦工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2009年第3期84-89,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家“十一五”科技支撑计划重大项目(2006BAD02A07-4)

摘　　要：为了解不同小麦品种的春化发育特性，给小麦品种合理利用提供科学依据，以不同生态区大面积推广的29个基因型为试验材料，研究不同春化处理对小麦生育期、穗分化的起始和分化进程的影响。结果表明，春化处理后不同品种的苗穗期（出苗期至抽穗期经历的天数）、出苗期至幼穗分化二棱期的天数均随春化时间的延长而有不同程度的缩短，但不同品种间存在较大差异。通过聚类分析，取相异性指标5，可分为春性（S）、弱春性（PS）、半冬型偏春性（PWS）、半冬型偏冬性（WS）和冬型（W）5个类型。春性品种和弱春性品种不经春化处理也可正常完成幼穗分化过程、正常抽穗，半冬型偏春性品种正常幼穗分化需要0-2℃的低温10d，半冬型偏冬性品种0-2℃的低温达到20d才能完成正常的幼穗分化，冬型品种正常幼穗分化需要30d0-2℃的低温。半冬型偏春性品种、半冬型偏冬性品种和冬型品种如不经过低温春化处理，穗分化都在二棱期停留。In order to provide a scientific guidance for proper utilization of new wheat Cultivars in Huanghuai wheat zone, the vernalization characteristics of different cultivars of winter wheats （Triticum aestivum L. ） was studied. Twenty-nine wheat cultivars of different ecological region were used to investigate the effects of vernalization treatments on growing period and initiation and duration of spike differentiation. The investigation data showed that seedling-heading period and duration from e- mergence stage to appearance of double ridge of spike differentiation were shorter with prolonging vernalization time. Twenty-nine cultivars in this experiment were classified to five types by means of cluster analysis, which are Spring（S）, Poor Spring（PS）, Poor Winter-Spring（PWS）, Winter-Spring （WS） and Winter（W）. Among five vernalization development types, S and PS cultivars can differentiate spike and head normally without vernalization treatment. Vernalization response of PS cultivars was more than S cultivars. Spike differentiation of PWS and WS required low temperature at 0-2°C for 10 d and 20 d respectively. As to W cultivars, spike differentiation can initiate but would stop in double ridges stage if cultivars were not treated at low temperature. Low temperature（0-2°C）for 30d was enough for spike differentiation of winter cultivars.

关 键 词：冬小麦 春化作用 苗穗期 幼穗分化 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]