公平及其与效率的关系:研究进展与思考  

Equity and Its Relation with Efficiency:Research and Thinking

作　　者：曾国安[1] 胡晶晶[2] 李少伟[3] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学经济与管理学院,湖北武汉430072 [2]武汉大学政府管制与公共经济研究所,湖北武汉430072 [3]武汉大学社会保障研究中心,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《税务与经济》2009年第3期1-8,共8页Taxation and Economy

基　　金：教育部"学习宣传贯彻党的十七大精神和纪念改革开放三十周年"理论研究课题"改革开放以来公平与效率关系的理论与实践研究"(项目编号:2008JYJ020)的阶段性研究成果;国家社会科学基金重大项目"合理调整国民收入分配格局;逐步解决地区之间和部分社会成果收入差距过大问题研究"(项目编号:05※ZD047)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：分配公平问题和公平与效率的关系问题已成为经济理论界关注的热点之一。关于分配公平先后形成了结果公平论、机会公平论、规则公平论等主要观点;关于公平与效率的关系先后形成了一体论、对立论、统一论等主要观点。从内涵来看,公平既应包括对所有人的政策和待遇的相同,也应包括对不同人的政策和待遇的不同;从外延来看,既应包括条件、机会、分配规则、分配过程的公平,也应包括分配结果的公平。因此,无论从其内涵,还是外延来看,公平都是一个多维概念。公平与效率之间的关系非常复杂,若要制定出处理两者关系的合理的政策,则需辨明到底在哪些条件、领域、环节、层面、水平两者相统一,或者相对立。Since China began opening up 30 years ago, the income distribution relation and distribution pattern have changed dramatically, along with the significant benefit conflicts. Therefore, the distribution equity and the relation between equity and efficiency have become the focus concerned by economic theory world. Around distribution equity are the theory of outcome equity, theory of opportunity equity, theory of rules equity, theory of subjective equity, theory of efficiency equity and theory of multidimensional equity. Around the relation between eq- uity and efficiency are the theory of unity, theory of conflict, theory of multidimension. These studies are contributive to the deepening of theory of the distribution equity and the perfection of distribution system. However, there are still a lot of differences. According to the connotation of this term, policies and treatment to all the people should be fair. While according to the extension of this term, conditions, opportunities, distribution rules should be included. Therefore, equity is a multidimensional concept. And the relation between equity and efficiency is very complicated. So it is only the reasonable policy that can deal with the relation between them.

关 键 词：公平 效率 收入分配 

分 类 号：F014.4[经济管理—政治经济学]