不同品种春夏玉米套作模式中夏玉米光合特性与产量的关系  

Effect of intercropping summer and spring maize on photosynthesis and yield of summer maize

作　　者：宁堂原[1] 焦念元[2] 赵春[3] 邵国庆[1] 尉晶 金福深 李增嘉[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院作物生物学国家重点实验室,泰安271018 [2]河南科技大学农学院,洛阳471003 [3]东营职业学院农业工程系,东营257091 [4]山东省龙口市农业技术推广中心,龙口265701

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2009年第3期459-464,共6页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(39870524);2008年公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(200803028);山东省中青年科学家科研奖励基金(2007BS06017)资助

摘　　要：以单作夏玉米为对照,早熟品种"鲁原单14"、中熟品种"掖单22"、晚熟品种"掖单13"分别作为春玉米和夏玉米进行两两套作,研究品种选择对春夏玉米套作体系中夏玉米光合性能以及产量的影响。研究结果表明,春玉米生长期的延长会降低套种夏玉米的花后平均全株叶面积、穗位叶面积、照光叶面积、光能截获率、叶绿素含量、硝酸还原酶活性和光合速率。为了解释夏玉米光合特性变化与产量的关系,本文提出了"光合生产力积"的概念,即光合面积、光合能力和光合时间中2个或3个因子的积。与单项光合性能指标相比,"光合生产力积"与产量的相关关系显著性提高。与花后叶日积相比,叶面积×叶绿素含量×花后天数、叶面积×光合速率×花后天数与产量的相关系数显著性更高。因此,不同种植制度下夏玉米的产量差异是光合面积、光合性能和光合持续期共同作用的结果,为发挥春夏玉米套作模式的产量优势,春玉米应选用中熟品种,夏玉米应选用生育期较长的高产品种。"光合生产力积"为深入研究复合群体的产量及品质优势来源提供了新的视角。Three cultivars of maize （the early maturity cultivar of ＂Luyuandan14＂, the medium maturity cultivar of ＂Yedan22＂ and the late maturity cultivar of ＂Yedan13＂） were selected to study the effect of maize cultivars on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of summer maize intercropped with spring maize and monocropped one. The results show that late maturity spring maize cultivar reduces leaf area, light interception rate, chlorophyll content, nitrate reductase activity, and the rate of photosynthesis of summer maize after anthesis under intercropping. To further analyze the relationship between photosynthetic characteristics and the yield of summer maize, the concept of ＂photosynthetic productivity product （PPP）＂ was developed. PPP is the product of two or more factors including photosynthetic leaf area, photosynthetic capacity and photosynthetic duration. Compared with single photosynthetic character, PPP is more significantly correlated with yield. Furthermore, the arithmetic product of leaf area, ear leaf chlorophyll content and days after anthesis, and that of leaf area, photosynthetic rate of ear leaf and days after anthesis are more closely related to yield than the arithmetic product of leaf area and days after anthesis. In conclusion therefore, the differences in yield under different cropping systems are the common actions of photosynthetic leaf area, capacity and duration. Thus medium maturity cultivars of spring maize and late maturity cultivars of summer maize are beneficial to total yield under intercropping. PPP provides a new and efficient analytical dimension for yield and quality superiority in intercropping.

关 键 词：玉米品种 种植制度 光合特性 玉米产量 光合生产力积 

分 类 号：S344.3[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S513[农业科学—农艺学]