竹绿虎天牛溴甲烷熏蒸处理技术研究  

Methyl bromide as a quarantine treatment for Chlorophorus annularis(Coleoptera:Cerambycidae)

作　　者：余道坚[1] 焦懿[1] 陈志奔[1] 康林[1] 杨伟东[1] 陈枝楠[1] 章桂明[1] 詹国平[2] Alan V．Barak 

机构地区：[1]深圳出入境检验检疫局,518010 [2]中国检验检疫科学研究院,北京100029 [3]美国农业部动植物检疫局OTIS害虫监测、检测与根除实验室,美国02542-5008

出　　处：《植物检疫》2009年第3期9-13,共5页Plant Quarantine

基　　金：中美竹制品检疫处理技术合作研究和深圳出入境检验检疫局科研项目(SZ2008020)资助

摘　　要：1985～2005年,美国报道从我国出口的竹制品中发现包括竹绿虎天牛(Chlorophorus annularisF.)在内的20多种有检疫意义的害虫。由于目前还没有针对竹制品中竹绿虎天牛的熏蒸处理技术指标,美国APHIS-PPQ采用其检疫处理手册的T404-d方案对竹制品进行熏蒸处理,即溴甲烷熏蒸24h。美国采用的竹制品熏蒸方案中溴甲烷的用量较高,本文应用比T404-d方案更低剂量的溴甲烷,研究竹桩中竹绿虎天牛的熏蒸效果。溴甲烷熏蒸试验在自制的小型熏蒸箱中进行,在26.7℃48 g/m3、21.1℃64 g/m3、15.6℃80 g/m3、10.0℃96 g/m3和4.4℃112 g/m3等5个温度和剂量组合,共20个试验(每个剂量4个重复)共熏蒸处理2847头幼虫、140头蛹和122头成虫,死亡率达100%,而在3组对照中共发现455头活虫。同时,用装满竹杆(80%)的20尺集装箱模拟竹制品出口熏蒸试验,以检查在24h的熏蒸过程中溴甲烷是否保持必需的浓度要求。本研究推荐了较低剂量的溴甲烷熏蒸处理竹制品的新的技术指标。More than twenty different species of insects of quarantine significance were intercepted from 1985 - 2005 on bamboo （Bambuusa spp.） garden stakes from China to USA, including Chlorophorus annularis F. , the bamboo borer （BB）. No data exists specific for BB. The current APHIS -PPQ treatment is fumigation schedule T404 -d, which requires high doses of methyl bromide （MeBr） for 24 hours. In this study, testing to determine if this schedule, or lower doses, would be effective for BB infesting dried bamboo poles. Fumigations of infested bamboo poles are conducted at doses of 48, 64, 80, 96 and 112 g/m^3 at 26.7, 21.1, 15.6, 10.0 and 4.4℃ respectively （20 total replicates, with four replicates per dose）, had no survivors among 2,847 larvae, 140 pupae and 122 adults. Control replicates 3 had a total of 455 live stages （397 larvae, 31 pupae, and 27 adults）. Tests conducted with a cargo container loaded to 80 percent capacity with bamboo poles verified the ability of the proposed schedule to maintain effective concentrations over 24 hours in commercial sized fumigations. A new schedule at reduced rates of applied MeBr for bamboo products is recommended.

关 键 词：竹绿虎天牛 溴甲烷 熏蒸 竹制品 

分 类 号：S763.7[农业科学—森林保护学]