环境友好农业生产方式生态补偿标准探讨--以崇明岛东滩绿色农业示范项目为例  

Ecological Compensation Criteria for Environmental-Friendly Agriculture Production——Case Study of Green Agriculture Demonstration Project in Dongtan,Chongming Island

作　　者：沈根祥[1] 黄丽华[1] 钱晓雍[1] 潘丹丹[2] 施圣高 M.L.Gullino 

机构地区：[1]上海市环境科学研究院,上海200233 [2]浙江大学环境与资源学院,浙江杭州310004 [3]上海上实现代农业开发有限公司,上海202183 [4]意大利都灵大学农业环境能力创新中心,意大利都灵10095

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2009年第5期1079-1084,共6页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：中国·意大利环境保护合作项目

摘　　要：以崇明岛东滩绿色农业示范项目为研究案例,在定量监测环境友好型肥料管理方式对化肥污染控制效果的基础上,运用相关经济学方法,从环境友好肥料管理方式所创造的生态效益价值和实际投入的额外成本两个角度出发,探讨了生态补偿标准的理论上限值和下限值,同时讨论了在实际制定补偿标准时需要考虑的其他因素和采取的补偿方式。结果表明,环境友好型肥料管理方式可有效削减氮素流失负荷和温室气体排放通量,削减率分别达到46.6%～61.8%和23.4%～46.7%;在梨园所创造的生态效益价值和实际额外投入成本分别为10135.6和3066.1元(RMB)·hm-2·a-1,在蔬菜田所创造的生态效益价值和实际额外投入成本分别为7640.1和3165.2元(RMB)·hm-2·a-1。因此,梨园和蔬菜田由于应用环境友好型肥料管理方式可获得的生态补偿理论值范围分别为3066.1～10135.6元(RMB)·hm-2·a-1和3165.2～7640.1元(RMB)·hm-·2a-1。Ecological compensation mechanism has been considered as an effective way to promote the environmental-friendly agriculture in recent years. In the case of the green agriculture demonstration project in Dongtan, Chongming Island, the theoretical upper and lower limits of the compensation criteria were quantified based on the value of environmental benefits and the cost of realizing those benefits. Thanks to the application of innovative fertilizer management in the project, the nitrogen loss and greenhouse gas emission were significantly mitigated by 46.6%-61.8% and 23.4%-46.7%, respectively. The corresponding environmenthl benefits, which were monetized with opportunity cost method and shadow price method, were 10 135.6RMB·hm^-2·a^-1 in pear orchard and 7 640.1 RMB·hm^-2·a^-1 in vegetable field. While the addi- tional production costs in pear orchard and vegetable field were 3 066.1 RMB·hm^-2·a^-1 and 3 165.2 RMB·hm^-2·a^-1, respectively. Consequently, the theoretical compensation criteria in pear orchard should be 3 066.1 -10 135.6 RMB·hm^-2·a^-1, and in vegetable field should be 3 165.2-7 640.1 RMB·hm^-2·a^-1. Furthermore, other factors relevant to the determination of compensation criteria in reality were also discussed.

关 键 词：环境友好农业 生态补偿 生态效益 额外成本 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]