我国大陆红火蚁不同等级和虫态过冷却点的测定  

Determination of the supercooling points of various castes and developmental stages of the red imported fire ant,Solenopsis invicta(Hymenoptera:Formicidae)in China's Mainland

作　　者：陈浩涛[1] 罗礼智[1] 江幸福[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所国家病虫害生物学重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2009年第5期502-508,共7页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑课题(2005BA529A06);国家科研院所研究专项(2005DIB4J034);农业部财政专项(2130108)

摘　　要：为了解我国红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren的耐低温能力并为其风险分析提供科学依据,本文对采自我国4个地点红火蚁蚁群中不同等级和虫态的过冷却点,以及不同季节和室内不同饥饿程度的工蚁过冷却点进行了测定。结果表明:蚁群中不同等级和虫态的过冷却点差异显著。工蚁成虫的过冷却点(-11.8±0.4℃)显著低于有翅雌蚁(-8.1±0.6℃)及蚁后(-7.9±0.5℃),工蚁蛹和幼虫的过冷却点分别为-13.6±0.3℃和-12.1±0.4℃,蚁后蛹和幼虫的分别为-13.3±0.3℃和-12.2±0.3℃。工蚁蛹的过冷却点均显著低于其成虫和幼虫。蚁后蛹与其幼虫的过冷却点没有显著差异,但与其成虫的差异显著。同一未成熟期不同等级之间的也没有显著差异;不同季节的工蚁过冷却点有显著差异,其中以春季的最高(-4.3±0.2℃),夏季(-6.6±0.2℃)、秋季(-9.4±0.1℃)的次之,冬季的(-12.0±0.3℃)最低;深圳、珠海、广州和陆川4个地理种群的工蚁过冷却点在春、秋和冬季无显著差异,但夏季陆川种群的过冷却点显著低于其他3个种群的(P<0.05)。饥饿可使工蚁的过冷却点明显升高,但大工蚁的过冷却点较小工蚁升高的幅度更大,饥饿15d后的大工蚁比饥饿前的过冷却点升高了7.0℃,而小工蚁仅升高了4.9℃。这些结果为评价红火蚁在我国潜在的传播风险提供了理论依据。The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, is a social insect pest found recently in China's Mainland. To elucidate the cold hardness and provide basis for its risk assessment in China's Mainland, the supercooling points （SCPs） of various castes and individuals of various developmental stages collected from different geographical locations, seasons and durative starvations treatment were examined. The results indicated that the SCPs of fire ants differed significantly among castes and developmental stages. The worker ants had significant lower SCPs （ - 11.8 ± 0.4℃ ） than those of female alates （ - 8.1 ± 0.6℃ ） and queens （ -7.9 ±0.5℃ ）. The SCPs of the pupae and larvae of workers and queens were -13.6 ±0.3, 12.1 ±0.4, 13.3 ±0.3 and 12.2 ± 0.3℃, respectively. Worker pupae had lower SCPs than worker adults and worker pupae. There was no significant difference between queen larvae and its pupae. At the same immature stage, SCPs of various castes did not differ from each other. The SCPs were not significantly different in workers collected from different geographical locations of Luchuan, Guangzhou, Zhuhai and Shenzhen in spring, autumn and winter except those collected in summer, when workers in Luchuan had remarkable lower SCPs than other locations （P 〈 0.05 ）. SCPs of worker ants decreased as the season progressed, with the highest for spring （ -4.3 ±0.2℃ ）, the second for summer （ -6.6 ±0.2℃ ）, and third for autumn （ -9.4 ±0. 1℃ ） and lowest （ - 12.0 ± 0.3℃ ） for winter colonies. The SCPs of worker ants increased greatly by a durative starvation for 15 d. The SCPs of major workers and minor workers increased 7.0℃ and 4.9℃, respectively during the starvation test, suggesting that the major workers are less resistant to starvations than the minor workers. These results will support theoretically for risk analysis of Solenopsis invicta potential disperse in China.

关 键 词：红火蚁 耐寒性 过冷却点 等级 虫态 地理种群 季节 饥饿 中国 

分 类 号：Q968.1[生物学—昆虫学]