城市扩展多尺度驱动机制分析——以北京为例  

UNDERSTANDING MULTI-SCALE URBAN EXPANSION DRIVING FORCES: IN THE CASE STUDY OF BEIJING

作　　者：黄庆旭[1,2] 何春阳[1,3] 史培军[1,2] 赵媛媛[1,3] 杨洋[1,3] 刘洪友 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,中国北京100875 [2]北京师范大学减灾与应急管理研究院,中国北京100875 [3]北京师范大学资源学院,中国北京100875 [4]北京国泰智业土地规划设计有限公司,中国北京100035

出　　处：《经济地理》2009年第5期714-721,共8页Economic Geography

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金项目(编号:9092007);北京市委组织部2008年北京市优秀人才培养D类项目;教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金项目联合资助

摘　　要：厘清土地利用变化与其驱动力之间的关系,是土地利用变化研究的核心,也是建立变化模型和定量预测的基础。以北京为研究案例,基于遥感影像和GIS技术,获取了1991—2004年北京城市扩展信息,定量分析比较了1991—2004年北京地区面状、线状和点状三种城市扩展空间过程。并从宏观、中观和微观三个尺度上,分析了北京城市扩展过程的驱动机制。结果表明:①城镇用地扩展过程显著,城镇用地在区域总面积中所占比例从1991年的9.80%增长到2004年的17.93%;②城市化过程,主要表现为点状、线状和面状城市化三种基本模式;③宏观、中观和微观三层次的驱动因子影响城市扩展过程。宏观尺度上,城市规划,土地利用政策等政府行为和过去三千年城市发展形成的旧有城市格局从根本上决定了现代北京城市发展的基本风貌和格局;在中观尺度上社会和经济因素为城市扩展提供了驱动力,最明显的是人口增长和人民生活水平的提高;微观尺度的地形、区位和交通限制决定了城市扩展的可能性,最利于城市扩展的因子是距高速公路的距离。三者综合作用的结果是1991—2004年北京城市化强度出现一个先增长后减小的发展趋势。The driving force is the core issue research of land use/cover change, as well as the basic component of modeling and predicting. The paper took Beijing as the typical research area; firstly,derived urban expansion information from TM/ETM＋ data at 1991,1997,2000 and 2004 with the support of GIS technique,then quantitatively compare three basic urbanization modes from viewpoint of spatial analysis, polygon-urbanization, line-urbanization and point-urbanization, from 1991 to 2004 in Beijing. At last, three scales of driving forces, the macro-scale, meso-scale and micro-scale, are considered to analysis and explain current pattern and the progress of urban expansion in Beijing The conclusions are as follows： ①By occupying a large quantity of cultivated land in plain,buildup land expanded and the processes of urbanization in Beijing is obvious. The build-up land accounted for 9.80% of study area in 1991 and increased to 17.93% in 2004. ②Urbanization processes suggested there are three basic modes： First, polygonal urbanization around central and periphery cores. Second, the linear urbanization along traffic lines between districts centers. Third,the point-urbanization in the whole areas has a trend of decrease. ③The macro-level factors, such as urban planning and land use policies, decided the basic context and feature of urban land use, the meso-level factors such as socialconomic supplied the driving forces for urban expansion,especially the population growth and living standard improvement. Meanwhile the micro-level factors, such as the altitude, slope, aspect and location, limited the possibility of urban expansion. The analysis shows that the distance to freeway is the most important factor to encourage the urban expansion. The consequence is the incensement of urbanization before 2000 and decrease after 2000.

关 键 词：土地利用/覆盖 城市扩展 驱动力 GIS 北京 

分 类 号：F293.2[经济管理—国民经济]