1996年第8号台风中尺度结构的数值研究  

NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE MESOSCALE STRUCTURE OF TYPHOON HERB 1996

作　　者：王鹏云[1] 刘春涛 

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院

出　　处：《气象学报》1998年第3期296-311,共16页Acta Meteorologica Sinica

基　　金：国家气象局重点课题;国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：用非静力平衡的中尺度模式ＭＭ５模拟研究了从１９９６年７月３１日０８时至８月１日２０时３６小时内９６０８号台风的移动路径、中尺度热力动力学结构及云和降水物理结构及其变化。这段时间覆盖了９６０８号台风在台湾和福建省福清市登陆全过程。结果表明：该模式比较成功地模拟预报了这次台风登陆过程，模拟了登陆前后台风中心附近的一些重要中尺度结构和发展演变特征。模拟预报的台风路径与实况接近，预报的８月１日０８时（积分２４小时）台风环流中心位于２小时后台风登陆点福建省福清市附近的海面上。台风中心附近低层呈气旋式辐合、高层呈气旋式辐散。台风眼壁具有由低层辐合形成的强上升气流，台风眼中心为下沉气流。台风中心周围动力结构表现出明显的不对称特征。台风眼壁的雨水分布呈现由中尺度雨团构成的环形雨带结构。台风在台湾滞留期间，台风中心由于低层云的发展使得卫星云图上原先清晰可见的台风眼变得模糊不清。高分辨的模式预报表明，在对流层中层具有强上升气流和云雨水集中的眼壁比台风眼中心更为暖湿。he track, landfall, dynamic and thermodynamic and cloudrain physical mesoscale structures and their evolution of typhoon HERB 1996 in 36h from 0000Z 31 July to 1200Z 1 August 1996 were simulated by using the nonhydrostatic mesoscale model MM5. This period covered the process of typhoon HERB landfalling at Taiwan and Fujian province.Results show that the model successfully simulated the landfall process of typhoon HERB, revealed the most important characteristics of the mesoscale dynamic and thermodynamic and cloudrain physical structure during its landfalling. The simulated typhoon track was close to the observation. The center of cyclonic circulation simulated at 0000Z on 1 August 1996 (24 h integration) was located in shore near Fuqing, Fujian province at which the typhoon was reported to landfall two hours later. It shows that strong upward motion formed by low level convergence existed in the eyewall and subsidence at the center of the eye. The wind field shows clear asymmetrical structure near the typhoon center. The cloud and rain water was circlewise distributed in the eyewall, and constituted by mesoscale rain cores. During the period of typhoon HERB staying near Taiwan, the lower cloud was developed in the eye region so that made the previous clear typhoon eye on the satellite pictures becoming fuzzy. The observations show the typhoon center was warm and moist, but the model simulations with higher space resolution show that in the midtropospheric region of eye wall, where existed strong upward motion and more cloud and rain water, it was more warm and moist than in the eye.

关 键 词：中尺度模式 台风 中尺度结构 数值研究 

分 类 号：P458.124[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P432.1