杭州市森林火灾现状分析及预防对策  

Current Situation of Forest Fire and Countermeasures in Hangzhou

作　　者：刘学松[1] 郑文达 宋丽艳[3] 陈勤娟 翁逸锋 周国模[3] 余树全[3] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省建德市林业局,浙江建德311600 [2]浙江省临安市林业局,浙江临安311300 [3]浙江林学院,浙江临安311300 [4]浙江省杭州市林业水利局,浙江杭州310004

出　　处：《浙江林业科技》2009年第2期63-67,共5页Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：浙江省林业厅重点招标项目(04A02)

摘　　要：对杭州市2000-2008年的森林火灾发生特点进行了分析,结果表明,森林火灾各年间发生的次数呈波浪状变化与不同年份大气环流气候变化相关;森林火灾主要发生在春冬两季,这与杭州市冬季晴冷少雨、空气干燥的气候特点以及炼山等人为用火活动规律相关;森林火灾次数日发生相对集中在10:00-16:00,占火灾总次数的83%;森林火灾的发生与森林植被类型相关,在针叶林的发生次数、受害面积最多;森林火灾发生火源99%是人为火源;森林火灾在中、幼林发生的次数较多,占总次数的80%。指出杭州市存在气候条件不利,林中可燃物多,森林消防基础设施条件差,森林防火长效管理机制不完善,防火意识弱,防火责任不够实,防火队伍质量不高,森林自身防火性能不高等问题。提出了完善森林防火长效机制:完善责任追究机制、考核机制、群防群治机制、火源管理机制、森林防火投入机制及各种森林防火的规章制度;严重干旱期间及高森林火险等级天气期间采取超常规措施,在各县(市)区适时颁布"禁火令",规定禁火期间和禁火区,禁止一切野外用火;营造生物防火林带,改造针叶林成阔叶提高森林自身的防火性能等措施。Analysis on characteristics of forest fires occurred from 2000 to 2008 in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province demonstrated that fire occurrence had relation with atmospheric circulation, it took mostly in spring and winter when it had characters like air drying, abundant human activities. Majority of forest fires（83%） was at 10：00-16：00.99% of the fires were caused by human activities, and 80% of the fires were in middle-aged and young forest. Countermeasures were offered such as performing responsibility investigation, fire sources management, establishing biological fire-belt, transforming coniferous forest to broadleaf forest.

关 键 词：森林火灾 森林防火 预防 对策 杭州 

分 类 号：S762[农业科学—森林保护学]