高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)对土壤中菲和芘的修复作用研究  

Study on the Removal of Phenanthrene and Pyrene and Remediation of the Soil by Tall Fescue(Festuca arundinacea)

作　　者：曹生宪[1] 魏世强[1] 潘声旺[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆市农业资源与环境研究重点实验室,重庆400715

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2009年第5期134-140,共7页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家863计划资助项目(2006AA10Z427)

摘　　要：采用盆栽试验法，研究了高羊茅对污染土壤中菲、芘的去除效果与修复机制．结果显示：在试验浓度范围（0～322mg／kg）内，植物-微生物系统对土壤中芘、菲的去除效果明显．种植高羊茅60d后，土壤-高羊茅系统（TD3）对土壤中菲、芘去除率分别为52．82％～82．27％（m=67．96％）、47．27％～75．4％（m=60．06％）；平均去除率分别比对照组TD1（无植物，不加NaN3）高45．41％，41．63％，比对照组TD2（无植物，加0．1％NaN3）高62．89％，57．5％．高羊茅能吸收积累土壤中的菲和芘，根部和茎叶部菲、芘含量随土壤中菲、芘浓度的提高而增大；生物浓缩系数随土壤中菲、芘含量的增加而减小，且根部大于茎叶部、芘大于菲．修复过程中，非生物因子、植物积累对菲、芘的去除率分别只有5．07％，0．017％和2．56％，0．11％；微生物降解、高羊茅-微生物间的交互作用对菲、芘的平均去除率分别为19．21％，62．87％和15．87％，57．5％．说明微生物降解作用、植物-微生物交互作用是土壤中菲、芘去除的主要途径．Pot experiments were carried out to investigate the mechanisms of the removal and accumulation of phenanthrene and pyrene by tall rescue （Festuca arundinacea）. The results showed that plantation of tall rescue significantly removed phenanthrene and pyrene from the soils at their initial concentrations of 0 to 322 mg/kg. Sixty days after the plantation of tall rescue, 52.82%-82.27%（m=67.96%）of phenanthrene and 47.27%-75.4% （m=60.06%） of pyrene were removed from the soils of TD3. On the average, tall fescue removed more phenanthrene （by 45.41%） and more pyrene （by 41.63%） from the soils as compared to TD1, and more phenanthrene （by 62.89%） and more pyrene （by 57.5%） from the soils as compared to TD2. The bioconcentration factors （BCFs） for phenanthrene and pyrene tended to decrease with increasing concentrations of these contaminants in soil, the BCFs for pyrene were larger than those for phenanthrene, and the BCFs for phenanthrene and pyrene in the shoots were much lower than those in the roots in the same treatments. Though the plantation of tall rescue markedly enhanced the remediation of phenanthrene and pyrene in soils, contributions of biotic and abiotic factors to phytoremediation process were distinctly different. Abiotie loss and plant accumulation accounted for 5.07% and 0. 017% of the total removal of phenanthrene and for 2.56% and 0.11~//00 of pyrene from thesoils, respectively. In contrast, an average of 19.21% of the total removal of phenanthrene and 15.87% of pyrene were attributed to the contributions of microbial degradation, and 62.87% of phenanthrene and 57.5% of pyrene to plant-microbial interactions. Microbial degradation and plant-microbial interactions are thus considered to be the main mechanisms of the remediation of soil PAHs pollution.

关 键 词：植物修复 多环芳烃 高羊茅 土壤 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]