水分胁迫下施氮量对烤烟生理特性及化学成分的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Rates on Physiological and Chemical Characteristics of Flue-cured Tobacco Under Water Stress

作　　者：崔保伟[1] 陆引罡[1] 张振中[1] 任琨[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院,贵阳市花溪区550025

出　　处：《烟草科技》2009年第5期60-64,共5页Tobacco Science & Technology

基　　金：贵州大学人才基金(X060034)资助项目"作物感受水分养分胁迫的信号与水肥效应"

摘　　要：采用盆栽试验研究了水分胁迫下施氮量对烤烟生理特性及化学成分的影响。结果表明,在中度干旱下(相对含水率50%)随施氮量增加,烤烟根系活力增强,叶片脯氨酸含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及光合速率明显升高,丙二醛含量无明显差异;轻度干旱条件下(相对含水率65%),烤烟团棵期和成熟期缺氮或氮素水平过高,烤烟根系活力、SOD酶活性及光合速率均明显降低,丙二醛含量增加,脯氨酸含量变化不大,在烤烟旺长期和现蕾期烤烟根系活力、SOD酶活性,丙二醛及脯氨酸含量均随施氮量增加明显升高。在中度和轻度干旱下随施氮量增加,上部叶和中部叶总氮、烟碱及蛋白质含量呈增加趋势,总糖、还原糖含量呈下降趋势,糖碱比、氮碱比、施木克值以纯N7g/株的中氮肥处理较合理。在同一施氮水平下,中部叶和上部叶总糖和还原糖含量随着土壤含水率的增加而增加,烟碱、总氮以及钾含量均有所降低,糖碱比、氮碱比、施木克值以轻度干旱较适宜。The effects of nitrogen rates on the physiological and chemical characteristics of flue-cured tobacco under water stress were studied with pot experiments. The results showed that： 1 ） under the condition of moderate drought （relative moisture content of 50% ） , with the increase of nitrogen rates, the root activity of flue-cured tobacco increased, proline content in leaf, activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and photosynthesis rate increased significantly, while MDA content did not change obviously; 2 ） under light drought condition （ relative moisture content of 65 % ） , deficient or excessive in nitrogen at rosette stage and mature stage, the activities of root system and SOD, and photosynthesis rate of flue-cured tobacco obviously reduced, and MDA content increased, while proline content changed little. At fast growing stage and bud stage, the root system activities and SOD, MDA and proline contents significantly increased with the increase of nitrogen rates; 3） under moderate and light drought conditions, with the increase of nitrogen rates, total nitrogen, nicotine and protein contents in upper and middle leaves showed an increasing trend, while total sugar and reducing sugar contents reduced, the ideal ratios of total sugar to nicotine and nitrogen to nicotine and Shmuck value achieved when nitrogen was applied at the rate of 7g per plant; at the same nitrogen rate,total sugar and reducing sugar contents in middle and upper leaves increased with the increase of soil content, nicotine, total nitrogen and potassium contents decreased slightly, and the ratios of total moisture sugar to nicotine and nitrogen to nicotine and Shmuck value would be more suitable under light drought.

关 键 词：烤烟 水分胁迫 施氮量 生理特性 化学成分 

分 类 号：S572.01[农业科学—烟草工业]