呼吸系统损伤与铬盐职业接触水平评价指标间的相关性研究  

Correlation between respiratory injury and evaluation indexes of occupational chromate exposure

作　　者：杜仙梅[1] 张济[2] 马衍辉[2] 张宁[2] 刘岚铮[2] 周敬文[2] 贾光[1] 闫蕾[1] 马文军[1] 王天成[3] 王翔[1] 张雪艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学医学部公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,北京100191 [2]济南市疾病预防控制中心,250001 [3]北京大学第三临床医院检验科,北京100191

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2009年第2期91-94,共4页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会资助项目(30571550);科技部十一五支撑计划(2006BAI06B02)

摘　　要：目的比较职业接触可溶性铬盐工人呼吸系统损伤程度与铬盐接触水平评价指标间的相关性。方法通过问卷调查了解某化工厂102名铬盐生产工人基本情况及职业接触史,通过临床体检了解其呼吸系统健康状况,通过个体空气滤膜采样、班末周围血采集,测定工人作业环境中空气铬浓度及全血铬含量。计算工人呼吸系统疾病的患病情况及铬盐接触评价指标与呼吸系统损伤程度间的相关系数。结果工人铬盐接触评价指标中,空气铬与体内全血铬浓度呈正相关(r=0.516,P<0.001),随着空气铬与血铬浓度的增加,鼻中隔损伤程度逐渐加重,其相关性具有统计学意义;但本次研究未见工龄与鼻中隔损伤程度或其他呼吸系统疾病间具有相关性。同等接触情况下,女工的血铬浓度要低于男工。结论在进行铬盐接触者呼吸系统健康效应评价时,反映接触水平的空气铬盐浓度和全血铬含量明显优于接铬工龄。Objective To study the correlation between the prevalence of respiratory injuries induced by chromate and its occupational exposure level evaluated by different indexes such as occupational history, air or biological concentration in peripheral blood. Methods 102 workers occupationally exposed to chromate in a chemical plant in Jinan, Shandong province were recruited through questionnaire interview, physical examination, and personal exposure monitoring for chromate. Chromium content was detected by graphite furnace atomic absorption. Then the correlation between chromate induced respiratory injury and occupational exposure evaluations was analyzed. Results The airborne chromium concentrations in workplace and contents of chromium in blood showed a significant exposure-response trend （r = 0. 516, P 〈 0. 001 ）. The higher the concentrations, the more severe nasal septum injury were observed in the exposed workers. The relationships between working years and nasal septum injury or other respiratory diseases were not observed. However, female subjects had lower blood chromium concentrations compared with those of their male colleagues at the closely exposure levels. Conclusion Airborne and blood levels of chromium are better indexes than working years when they are used to assess the respiratory injury of workers exposed to chromate.

关 键 词：铬酸盐类 呼吸系统损伤 工龄 生物接触指标 

分 类 号：R135.1[医药卫生—劳动卫生]