广西有色金属冶炼行业尘肺流行病学调查  

Epidemiological investigation of smelters with pneumoconiosis in non-ferrous metal smelting industry in Guangxi

作　　者：李小萍[1] 葛宪民[1] 陈长发[1] 王力珩[1] 麦志丹[1] 梁德新[1] 梁启荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区职业病防治研究院,广西南宁530021

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2009年第2期117-118,121,共3页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：广西自然科学基金(桂科自0728166);广西卫生厅重点课题(重20038)

摘　　要：目的了解广西有色金属冶炼行业尘肺发病情况和流行特征。方法依据1987年广西尘肺流行病学调查资料及1987年后广西尘肺病诊断小组诊断的尘肺病个案资料并结合现场调查,对广西1957—2007年期间,有色金属冶炼行业冶炼工尘肺发病情况进行调查分析。结果1957—2007年间广西有色金属冶炼行业累计发生尘肺(包括:锡尘肺、混合尘肺、锡末沉着症、有色金属冶炼工尘肺)共164例;在尘肺的期别构成中,首次诊断为Ⅰ期者161例(98.17%)、Ⅱ期者3例(1.83%);尘肺合并肺结核15例(9.15%)。首次诊断为Ⅰ期的发病年龄(48.5±10.5)岁,接尘工龄(18.50±8.19)年;首次诊断为Ⅱ期的发病年龄(50.00±10.15)岁,接尘工龄(7.80±1.82)年。164例患者中已有55人死亡,累积病死率为33.54%,死亡年龄(66.53±10.11)岁。死亡的主要原因是呼吸系统疾病(依次为肺癌、慢性肺心病、肺结核),占全死因的40.00%。结论与广西矽肺和煤工尘肺相比,首次发病年龄偏大、发病率偏低,病变程度较轻、发病工龄长、并发肺结核率低是广西有色金属冶炼行业冶炼工尘肺流行病学的主要特征。Objective To understand the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of pneumoconiosis in non-ferrous metal smelting industry in Guangxi. Methods Investigated was the incidence of smelters with pneumoconiosis in non-ferrous metal smelting industry during the period from 1957 to 2007, which was based on epidemiological survey data of pneumoconiosis in Guangxi in 1987, and on pneumoconiosis diagnosed after 1987 by the pneumoconiosis diagnosis group of Guangxi. Results Totally 164 cases of pneumoconiosis （ including tin pneumoconiosis, mixed pneumoconiosis, tin dust disease, non-ferrous metal smelting pneumoeoniosis） in non-ferrous metal smelting industry were found in Guangxi during the period of 1957 to 2007. The stage constitution of pneumoconiosis was that 161 cases （98.17%） were first diagnosed as stage 1,3 cases （ 1.83% ） were diagnosed as stage Ⅱ , 15 eases （9. 15% ） suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis with pneumoconiosis. The average age of the first-diagnosed stage Ⅰ pneumoconiosis patients was （48.5 ± 10. 5 ） years old, and their average length of working in dust was （ 18.50 ± 8. 19） years, while the average age and the average length of the first-diagnosed stage Ⅱ pneumoconiosis patients were （50. 00 ± 10. 15） years old and （7.80 - 1.82） years respectively. Furthermore,55 patients died,with the cumulative mortality 33.54% and the average age of death （66.53± 10. 11 ） years. The main cause of death was respiratory diseases （40. 00% ） ,followed by lung cancer, chronic pulmonary heart disease and tuberctdosis. Conclusion Compared with silicosis and coal worker＇ s pneumoconiosis ,the main characteristics in smelters of non-ferrous metal smelting industry in Guangxi were that the age of suffering pneumoconiosis was older, the incidence of disease was lower,the degree of pathological change was lesser,the length of service was longer,the pathological change was slower, and the rate of complicated tuberculosis was lower.

关 键 词：冶炼工 尘肺 锡末沉着症 流行病学 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]