新装修居室环境中甲醛的遗传毒性  

Study on Formaldehyde Heredity Toxicity in Indoor Environments of Recently Renovated Houses

作　　者：仇小强[1] 庞伟毅[1] 何凤英[1] 韦娟[1] 段鹏[1] 张志勇[1] 韦小敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西医科大学公共卫生学院,广西南宁530021

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2009年第5期584-588,共5页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：广西科学研究与技术开发计划项目(0472002-12)

摘　　要：通过环境卫生学调查和遗传毒性试验,了解甲醛对人体健康的危害性.经随机抽样选择南宁市新装修的130户居室进行ρ(甲醛)测定,并对其中甲醛超标最严重的25户家庭成员共59人进行健康问卷调查;用单细胞凝胶电泳(彗星试验)方法和微核试验方法检测甲醛对体外培养人体淋巴细胞的遗传损伤作用.结果表明:在南宁市130户新装修的居室环境中,甲醛超标率达73.1%,甲醛超标组居民的呼吸道和神经系统不良反应发生率升高,随着入住时间的延长,ρ(甲醛)下降,不良反应发生率也下降.体外培养人体淋巴细胞试验结果显示:与对照组相比,甲醛低、中和高剂量组的彗星细胞发生率分别增加39.2%,80.6%和46.0%,彗星细胞尾长度增加23.9,40.6和28.3μm,微核率增加218.6%,565.0%和647.0%;甲醛超标会使居住人群出现呼吸系统和神经系统疾病,随着时间的推移,室内ρ(甲醛)降低,对人体健康影响程度减少;甲醛可致体外培养人淋体巴细胞的遗传损伤.The goal of this study was to use environmental health surveys and heredity toxicity analysis to understand the effects of indoor environmental formaldehyde pollution on habitants＇ health. 130 houses in Nanning City renovated in the last three years were selected as research objects by randomized sampling method. 25 high formaldehyde-level houses were selected for trace surveys, which included indoor environmental pollution and habitants＇ health. Human lymphatic cells were divided into four groups including negative control, low, middle and high formaldehyde groups （5.0, 7.5, 10.0μmol/L）. After the treatment, lymphocyte heredity damage was detected by single cell gel electrophoresis technology （comet assay） and micronucleus assay. Results indicated that formaldehyde standing-over rate reached 73.1% in the air of 130 houses in Nanning City. Formaldehyde led to aspiratory and nerve system disease in habitants, and they had a dose-response relationship. These effects decreased with the increasing length of time post-renovation and decreasing concentrations of formaldehyde in the air. In vitro experiments showed low, middle and high formaldehyde groups＇ comet rate increased 39.2%, 80.6% and 46.0% respectively, comet tail length increased 23.9, 40.6 and 28.3μm, micronucleus rate increased 218.6%, 565.0% and 647.0%, compared with the control group. The conclusion is that formaldehyde led to aspiratory and nerve system disease in habitants and they had a dose-response relationship. These effects decreased with the increasing length of time post-renovation and decreasing concentrations of formaldehyde in the air. Formaldehyde has heredity toxicity effects on human lymphocytes cells.

关 键 词：甲醛 污染 遗传毒性 

分 类 号：X512[环境科学与工程—环境工程]