施加改良剂对重度盐碱地盐碱动态及杨树生长的影响  

Dynamics of soil alkali-salinity and growth of poplar saplings after krilium addition in heavy soda saline-alkali soil in field

作　　者：王文杰[1] 贺海升[1,2] 祖元刚[1] 赵修华[1] 杨磊[1] 关宇[1] 许慧男[1] 于兴洋[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学森林植物生态学教育部重点实验室,哈尔滨150040 [2]沈阳师范大学,沈阳110034

出　　处：《生态学报》2009年第5期2272-2278,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家十一五科技支撑计划资助项目(2006BAD03A0306)

摘　　要：如何控制盐碱地继续朝向重度盐碱地发展并恢复森林等植被生态系统是国家科技攻关重点方向,也是内陆碳酸钠型盐碱地改良研究的一个重点,以聚马来酸酐(HPMA)和聚丙烯酸(PAA)两种高分子聚合物配合木焦油、木醋液等为降、阻盐碱剂,对重度盐碱地进行改良,以杨树生长情况以及不同层盐碱动态为指标判断其对重度盐碱地的改良效果。结果表明,(1)HPMA与PAA的比较,土壤改良剂聚马来酸酐(HPMA)在阻盐剂(木醋液+木焦油+少量PAA与碱土形成的阻隔盐碱向表层运输的阻盐碱层)阻隔下,使盐碱地pH与盐分明显下降(与对照相比pH下降0.93、盐分下降0.78%),杨树生长速率较高(株高生长速度是对照生长速度的2.41倍、基茎长速度是对照生长速度的2.36倍),改良效果显著。土壤改良剂聚丙烯酸(PAA)与碱土混合在阻盐剂阻隔下,pH与盐分变化较小(与对照相比pH下降0.23、盐分下降0.63%),杨树生长速率缓慢(株高生长速度是对照生长速度的1.43倍、基茎长速度是对照生长速度的1.07倍),较聚马来酸酐处理稍差。(2)加覆膜剂与不加覆膜剂对比发现,加覆膜剂后土壤表层pH值降至8.87,而其他土层pH值无明显变化,覆膜剂对盐碱的作用主要体现在土壤深层与浅层之间的盐碱动态,对深层盐分没有明显抑制作用。(3)通过对不同改良方法根际土与远根土对比发现,经HPMA和PAA处理后根际土壤盐分和pH值均较比远根土降低,说明种植杨树能够强化改良剂的效果。How to control the exacerbation saline-alkali soil and recover to forest vegetation has been recognized as an important project of national science and technology supporting program of China, which is also a key issue of the soda alkali land rehabilitation. By using krilium of HPMA and PAA, as well as wood tar and vinegar as alkali-depressing and alkali-preventing agents, soil improvement experiments at heavy soda saline-alkali soil were carried out, and growth of planted poplar seedlings and the dynamic of soil pH and salt content were also monitored. We found following conclusions. Firstly, both addition of HMPA and PAA could improve the saline-alkali soil, and HPMA was better than PAA. HPMA addition together with the alkali-preventing agent（ wood vinegar ＋ wood tar ＋ PAA spraying at soda alkali soil, then forming a compact layer to prevent salt and alkali movement from deep layer to surface layer） made soil pH and soil salt content sharply decreased 0.93 and 0.78%, respectively, and the height and diameter growth rates of poplar sapling were 2. 41 times and 2.36 times higher than those at control. Comparing to the effect of HPMA, PAA addition made a 0.23 decrease in pH and 0.63% in soil salt content, and height and diameter growth rate of planted poplar were 1.43 and 1.07 times higher than those at control; Secondly, addition of film-topsoil agent could decrease the pH of surface soil to 8.87, but no changes found in other deep layers. The film-topsoil agent addition could change the exchange of salt between surface layer and deep layer of soil ; thirdly, data of rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil indicates that the growth of poplar saplings could decrease soil salinity and pH value, and strengthen the effect of krilium （HPMA and PAA） addition.

关 键 词：重度碳酸钠型盐碱地 HPMA和PAA土壤改良剂 盐碱地改良 杨树 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学] S792.11[农业科学—农业基础科学]