两种烟草对烟夜蛾实验种群和自然种群增长的影响  

Effects of two tobacco species on experimental and natural population dynamics of Helicoverpa assulta Guenée

作　　者：付晓伟[1] 郭线茹[1] 罗梅浩[1] 原国辉[1] 胡锐 杨新影[1] 李亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学植物保护学院,河南郑州450002 [2]河南省郑州市植保植检站,河南郑州450007

出　　处：《生态学报》2009年第5期2340-2348,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：河南省杰出青年科学基金资助项目(074100510013)

摘　　要：烟夜蛾对黄花烟草的产卵趋性显著高于普通烟草,为明确亲代成虫的产卵选择行为对其后代种群增长的影响,分别在室内和自然条件下,应用生命表技术测定了两种烟草对烟夜蛾的生长发育和存活、食物的转化和利用以及种群增长的影响。结果表明:(1)室内(26±1)℃、(75±5)%R.H和16L∶8D光周期条件下,与普通烟草相比,黄花烟草上幼虫的发育历期显著延长,1～3龄各期幼虫的存活率及雌蛾产卵量显著降低,种群净增殖率(R0=16.1086)和内禀增长率(rm=0.0848)减小。(2)6龄幼虫对两种烟草的相对取食量(RCR)和近似消化率(AD)无显著差异,但是对黄花烟草的利用率(ECI)、转化率(ECD)及其相对生长率(RGR)显著下降。(3)第二代烟夜蛾在普通烟田的种群数量呈上升趋势(I=1.0325>1),而在黄花烟田呈下降趋势(I=0.6577<1),第三代烟夜蛾种群在两种烟田均呈下降趋势,但普通烟田的种群增长(I=0.4571)大于黄花烟田(I=0.3592)。这些结果表明,黄花烟草较不适合烟夜蛾的繁殖和种群增长,其寄主适合性不如普通烟草。The ovipositing preference of Helicoverpa assulta Guenée to Nicotiania rustica was much higher than that to Nicotiania tabacum. In order to identify the influence of host selection preference of parental adults on the population growth of later generations, the effects of the two tobacco species on the growth development and survivorship, food utilization and conversion, as well as population dynamics of Helicoverpa assulta Guenée under experimental and natural conditions, respectively, were studied by the life-table method. The results showed that： （1） When reared on N. rustica, under laboratory conditions with （26±1 ）℃, （75 ＋5）% relative humidity and 16L：SD photoperiod, the development duration of H. assulta larvae significantly prolonged, while the survival rate of each stage of larvae from 1^st to 3^rd instar and the fecundity of female adults reduced notablely, and the net reproductive rate （R0 = 16. 1086） and innate capacity of increase （rm =0. 0848 ） decreased. （2） There were no significant differences in the relative consumption rate （RCR） and approximate digestibility （AD） between the 6^th instar larvae reared with two tobacco species. Compared to the larvae feeding on N. tabacum, the relative growth rate （RGR）, efficiency conversation of ingestion （ECI） and digestion （ECD） of larvae on N. rustica significantly decreased. （3） The 2^nd generation population of H. assulta in N. tabacum tobacco field （I = 1. 9922 〉 1 ） increased but declined in N. rustica tobacco field （ I =- 0. 6577 〈 1 ）, the increase of the 3^rd generation population slowed down in both two tobacco fields, while the population increasing was faster in N. tabacum field （I = 0.4571 ） than in N. rustica field （ I = 0. 3592）. These results indicated that N. rustica plant was comparatively not suitable for the population increase and reproduction of H. assulta, therefore its host suitability was lower than N. rustica.

关 键 词：烟草 烟夜蛾 生命表 种群参数 食物的利用和转化 营养指标 寄主适合性 

分 类 号：S435.72[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]