湖南省1998-2007年流行性脑脊髓膜炎流行特征分析  

Epidemiological Features of Meningococcal Meningitis in Hunan Province from 1998 to 2007

作　　者：肖洁华[1] 李放军[1] 戴德芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省疾病预防控制中心,湖南长沙410005

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2009年第3期730-732,共3页Practical Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的探讨流脑的发病特征和变化趋势，为流脑防治策略提供科学依据。方法利用湖南省1998—2007年的流脑发病统计数据，分析流脑病例的流行病学特征，运用圆形分布法分析流脑发病的季节性。结果十年间，流脑的发病率逐年下降，由局部流行变为散发。发病高峰期为1月1日～5月11日，高峰日为3月4日。人口多且流动性大的省会城市长沙的发病率和发病数高。发病人群主要为15岁以下儿童，5～19岁的学龄儿童占到59．5％。结论发病率逐年下降可能得益于多年的疫苗预防策略，但近年来发病率和病死率的波动反弹现象和周边地区菌群转化的趋势提示我们要加强病原监测，及时采取相应措施和调整疫苗预防策略，防止非流行菌群引起的暴发和流行。Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics and trend of meningococcal meningitis in Hunan during the period of 1998--2007, and to provide a scientific basis for controlling and preventing its prevalence. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was performed to reveal the features of all meningococcal meningitis cases, and circular distribution method was applied to describe the seasonal variation of meningococcal meningitis. Results The incidence rate of meningococcal meningitis was descending gradually during a ten - year period. The prevalence of the disease changed from localized epidemic to sporadical outbreak. Morbidity peak day was on March 4th, while the peak period was from Jan. 1st to May 11th during a year. Changsha, a provincial capital city with large and high mobility of population, has a high inci- dence and most cases of meningococcal meningitis during the decade. Children under 15 years old were the susceptible popu- lation. 59.5 % of all cases were children aged between 5 and 19 years. Conclusions The gradual decline of the incidence might be the result of available vaccine strategy from 1980s＇. The fluctuation and sometimes sharp rise of the incidence and mortality, and conversion of the main pathogen strains suggest that we must strengthen the pathogen surveillance to direct the control and prevention strategy promptly. Thus, we can take better measures to control the outbreak as soon as possible.

关 键 词：流脑 流行病学特征 圆形分布法 

分 类 号：R181.8[医药卫生—流行病学]