安徽某地区老年人孤独及其影响因素的研究  

CURRENT STATUS OF THE ELDERLY'S LONELINESS IN A AREA OF ANHUI PROVINCE AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS

作　　者：崔光辉[1] 吴振强[1] 张秀军[1] 孙业桓[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽医科大学公共卫生学院,合肥230032

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2009年第11期2067-2070,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：安徽省2008年教学重点项目(2008114);安徽省2006年度重点项目(060230060)

摘　　要：[目的]了解老年人的孤独现状,探讨孤独的影响因素。[方法]采用整群抽样法在安徽省某地区抽取一街道和一行政村实足年龄在60岁及以上常住老年人,用自制调查表(包括孤独评定量表(UCLA)、家庭功能量表(APGAR)、社会支持量表等)对目标人群进行调查,并运用Epidata3.1和SPSS13.0对有效问卷进行统计分析。[结果]孤独评分平均为(42.76±8.95)分。在所调查的项目中,职业为医务人员、高年龄组、居住城镇、文化程度低、未婚或离异及分居、子女很不孝顺、无权支配经济、睡眠质量差、重度和极重度起居困难、从不参加娱乐活动、吸烟者、家庭功能和社会支持差的老年人,孤独评分较高。多元逐步回归分析结果表明,社会支持、家庭功能、起居困难程度和睡眠质量等变量对预测孤独有统计学意义P﹤0.001),其中社会支持的作用最强。[结论]社会支持、家庭功能、起居困难程度和睡眠质量等是影响老年人孤独的重要因素,社会和家庭应采取有效措施以减轻老年人孤独,从而顺利实现健康老龄化进程。[ Objective] To investigate the loneliness among the elderly and its influencing factors. [ Methods] In a street and an executive village of Anhui Province, villagers aged and over 60 years were selected for this subject. Data were collected through face-to-face interview using UCLA Loneliness Scale. Family Scale. Social Support Scale, etc. Statistic analysis of available questionnaires were performed with Epidata3.1 and SPSS13.0. [ Results] The mean score of loneliness was 42.76 （SD = 8.95）, and people who were medical personnel, advanced age group, lived in town, low education level, unmarried or divorced or separated, with unfilial offspring, without domination of economy, with sleep disorders, with difficulty in activities of daily living, never participating in recreational activities, smoking, poor family function, as well as social support were more likely to have higher scores of loneliness. The resuhs of stepwise multiple regression found that social support, family functioning, difficulty in activities of daily living, quality of sleep, and etc. were the significant predicting variables of loneliness, and social support was the most powerful predictor. [Conclusion] Social support, family functioning, difficulty in activities of daily living and quality of sleep are four important factors affecting on feelings of loneliness. Society and family should take effective measures to reduce the loneliness of elderly people, and thus achieve a smooth healthy aging process.

关 键 词：老年人群 孤独 影响因素 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学]