葡萄球菌医院感染的调查研究  

A survey of nosocomial infection caused by Staphylococcus

作　　者：李胜利[1] 张婴元[1] 吴菊芳[1] 周乐[1] 汪复[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海医科大学华山医院

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》1998年第2期65-67,共3页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

基　　金：博士点基金

摘　　要：目的为防治耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌医院感染。方法调查华山医院１９９５年临床分离到葡萄球菌的住院患者的临床资料，并收集了临床分离菌株，以琼脂双倍稀释法测定细菌药敏。结果发现８７．８％的金葡菌感染和８２．４％的凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（ＣＮＳ）感染属医院感染，引起医院感染的金葡菌和ＣＮＳ对甲氧西林的耐药率分别为９２．１％和６２．９％。金葡菌感染多发于下呼吸道（４２．６％）和尿路（２０％）。结论ＣＮＳ可引起尿路、血液、静脉留置针有关的感染。体外药敏试验显示葡萄球菌大多呈多重耐药。患有严重基础疾病、接受介入诊疗操作、应用第三代头孢菌素、氟喹诺酮类药物和免疫抑制剂、住院时间长等可能是葡萄球菌医院感染的危险因素。Objective In order to control the nosocomial infections caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus, we analysed the clinical data of those in-patients in Huashan Hospital during 1995, from whom Staphylococcus spp. had been isolated. Methods We collected the isolates from patients and tested the susceptibility to antibacterial agents by agar dilution method. Results The results showed that 87.8% of the infections caused by S. aureus and 82.4% by Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) were nosocomial infections. The isolation rates of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus and CNS causing nosocomial infections were 92.1% and 62.9% respectively. The infections caused by S. aureus occurred mostly in lower respiratory tract (42.6%) and urinary tract (20%). Conclusion CNS spp. can engender infection in blood, urinary tract and intravenous line related infections. Most of the isolates were multidrug resistant. Severe underlying disease, intervention procedures, clinical use of the third-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones or immunosuppressants, long hospital stay may be the risk factors for staphylococal nosocomial infections. 

关 键 词：医院内感染 细菌药敏 葡萄球菌 流行病学 

分 类 号：R181.34[医药卫生—流行病学]