留学生与中国近代化学体制化的研究  

Study On The Returned Students Overseas and the Institutionalization of Modern Chinese Chemistry

作　　者：张培富[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学科学技术哲学研究中心,山西太原030006

出　　处：《科学技术与辩证法》2009年第3期77-81,共5页Science Technology and Dialectics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"近代留学生与中国科学文化的发展"(06BZX026)

摘　　要：中国近代科学体制化的系统性学术研究始于20世纪80年代。中国近代化学有百年的历史,而体制化的历史不过50年。中国近代化学体制化始于欧美留学生在海外创建化学社团,中国最重要的化学社团——中国化学会是由清一色的近代留学生创办的,这是中国近代化学共同体形成的重要标志。留学生开创了中国近代高等化学教育的局面,建立了中国近代高等化学教育体系。中国近代化学留学生创建了中国近代化学研究体制,它意味着近代中国社会对化学家共同体及其活动和价值的正式承认。在中国近代化学体制化进程中,中国近代留学生取得了一批标志性的科研成就,在高水平的国际学术刊物,包括《自然》、《科学》、《美国化学会会志》等上面发表了一批具有世界水平的学术论文。化学学科院士是中国近代以来化学家社会角色的最高体现,而中国近代留学生是20世纪中国化学学科院士群体的中坚,为中国化学体制化的各个方面做出了不朽的贡献。The systematic study on the institutionalization of modern Chinese science began in the 1980s.Modern Chinese Chemistry has history of 100 years,whose institutionalization is only 50 years.The institutionalization of modern Chinese science began by the setting up of chemical societies by the students overseas studying in Europe and the United States.The Chinese Chemical Society that was the most important chemical society in China was set up by the returned students.It was an important symbol for the formation of Chinese Chemical Community.The returned students created the modern higher education system of chemistry in China.The modern chemical research system was set up by the returned students in China,and it means that the community of chemists with their activities and value was officially recognized by the public.The returned students made a number of landmark achievements and published a lot of world-class academic papers in high-level international academic publications,such as'Nature','Science' and 'Journal of the American Chemical Society' and so on.Academicians of chemistry are the highest representative of the chemist's role in society,and the recently returned students are the backbone in the group of Academician of chemistry in the 20th century in China.

关 键 词：留学生 中国 近代化学 体制化 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]