南方红壤区小流域水土保持综合效益定量评价方法探讨--以江西兴国县为例  

QUANTITATIVE EVALUATING COMPREHENSIVE BENEFIT OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION AT SMALL WATERSHED SCALE IN SOUTHERN RED SOIL REGION—A CASE STUDY OF XINGGUO COUNTY,JIANGXI PROVINCE

作　　者：孙昕[1,2] 李德成[1] 梁音[1] 

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [2]南京林业大学森林资源与环境学院,南京210037

出　　处：《土壤学报》2009年第3期373-380,共8页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2007CB407206)资助

摘　　要：选择了南方红壤区水土流失严重的江西省兴国县境内的治理程度存在一定差异的塘背河、廖公坑、蕉溪河3个小流域为对象,选择了涉及生态效益、经济效益和社会效益的共30个评价指标,对3个小流域的水土保持综合效益进行了综合定量评价和比较。结果表明:(1)构建的评价指标体系和采用的评价方法能较为全面地反映水土保持的综合效益,具有一定的区域适宜性。(2)针对同一区域多个小流域一起进行评价,有利于通过对比揭示不同流域水土保持效益的差异及其产生的根源,对指导今后的水土保持工作具有重要的现实意义。(3)兴国县3个小流域通过积极的治理投入,均取得了显著的生态、经济和社会效益。(4)由于治理投入和治理时间的差异,3个小流域的水土保持综合效益尚存在一定的差异,塘背河小流域生态效益、经济效益、社会效益以及综合效益均最高;廖公坑小流域治理中等,生态效益和社会效益最低;蕉溪河小流域治理较差,经济效益最低。各流域应抓住自身水土流失治理存在的主要问题,采取具有针对性的措施以进一步搞好小流域的水土保持工作。Quantitative assesment and comparison of comprehensive benefit of soil and water conservation in 3 smallscale watersheds varied in erosion management, i. e. Tangbei watershed, Liaogongkeng watershed and Jiaoxi watershed in Xingguo County of Jiangxi Province, were conducted, using an evaluating system of 30 evaluation indexes, including ecological, economic and social benefits. Results show that （ 1 ） evaluation using the established evaluating system and the applied method can well reflect the comprehensive benefit of soil and water conservation, and show certain regional applicability ; （2） evaluation of a number of watersheds in the same region facilitates disclosing differences between watersheds in the benefit of water and soil conservation and their causes, which is of certain important practical significance in guiding control of soil and water loss in future ; and （3） soil and water conservation of the 3 watersheds all yielded remarkable ecological, economical and social benefits, but did vary slightly due to the differences in the input and time of management, showing Tangbei watershed being the highest in ecological, economic, social and comprehensive benefits; Liaogongkeng moderately managed and the lowest in ecological and social benefit; and Jiaoxi watershed, poorly managed and the lowest in economic benefit. It is recommended that the watersheds should focus on their own respective problems in soil and water conservation and adopt pinpointing measures to further improve their soil and water conservation.

关 键 词：综合效益 水土保持 定量评价 小流域 兴国县 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]