保护地土壤酸度特征及酸化机制研究  

ACIDITY CHARACTERISTICS AND ACIDIFICATION MECHANISM OF SOILS IN PROTECTED FIELDS

作　　者：范庆锋[1] 张玉龙[1] 陈重[1] 张玉玲[1] 王丽娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,农业部东北土壤与环境重点开放实验室,沈阳110161

出　　处：《土壤学报》2009年第3期466-471,共6页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：辽宁省重大农业攻关项目(2006215005);辽宁省教育厅资助项目(05L386);辽宁省教育厅创新团队资助项目(2007T156)资助

摘　　要：在辽宁省沈阳市于洪地区采集保护地及其相邻露地旱田土壤样品,测定土壤交换性酸、交换性盐基离子组成和土壤pH,研究保护地土壤酸化特征以及土壤pH与潜性酸、交换性盐基的关系。结果表明:(1)建成保护地栽培蔬菜后,保护地土壤酸化趋势明显,土壤交换性酸(交换性H^+和Al^(3+))呈上升的趋势,土壤pH随着交换性酸的增多而降低;Al^(3+)在交换性酸中所占比例随交换性酸总量增加而增大,随有机质含量增加而减小;H+在交换性酸中所占比例则呈相反的变化趋势。(2)保护地各土层土壤交换性盐基总量较露地相应层次土壤均有所增加,其中交换性Mg^(2+)、K^+、Na^+含量均高于露地,而交换性Ca^(2+)含量变化不明显;保护地各土层土壤交换性Mg^(2+)、K^+、Na^+饱和度较露地相应层次土壤均有所增加,但盐基饱和度、交换性Ca^(2+)饱和度下降明显。(3)土壤pH与交换性酸、非交换性酸含量呈极显著负相关,而与盐基饱和度呈极显著正相关,且主要受占优势的交换性Ca^(2+)制约。Soil samples were collected from protected fields in Yuhong District of Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China, for determination of exchangeable acid, exchangeable base and pH, and further analysis of acidification characteristics of the soils and relationships of soil pH with the other two. Results show 1 ） that soil acidification displayed a clear rising trend after the field began vegetable cultivation under protection. Soil exchangeable acid content in the protected fields were much higher than those in the control. Soil pH was determined mainly by exchangeable acid in potential acid. The proportion of exchangeable Al^3＋ increased with exchangeable acid,while decreased with increasing OM. And, the proportion of H ^＋ in exchangeable acid showed a reverse trend. 2） Exchangeable bases, especially exchangeable Mg^2 ＋ , K ^＋ and Na^＋ , in various layers of the soils in the protected fields were much higher than those in the control, not only in content, but also in saturation, whereas soil exchangeable Ca^2＋ did not vary much, but the base saturation and exchangeable Ca2~ saturation decreased significantly. 3） Soil pH was in significant negative correlation with exchangeable acid and nonexchangeable acid,but in significant positive correlation with base saturation, which is mainly restrained by dominant exchangeable Ca^2＋.

关 键 词：保护地土壤 土壤酸化 交换性酸 交换性盐基 

分 类 号：S151.9[农业科学—土壤学] S153.4[农业科学—农业基础科学]