一种基于能量衰减特征的无线传感器网络定位算法  

Localization Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Network Based on Characteristics of Energy Attenuation

作　　者：王沁[1] 于锋[1] 张晓彤[1] 王建国[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学信息工程学院135信箱,北京100083 [2]中国海洋大学工程学院,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《小型微型计算机系统》2009年第6期1082-1088,共7页Journal of Chinese Computer Systems

基　　金：国家“八六三”计划基金项目(2006AA09Z115)资助

摘　　要：提出一种WSN节点定位的新算法.算法依据无线信号能量衰减的对数常态分布模型及正态分布的"3σ"法则建立接收信号强度与距离的区间映射关系.未知节点根据接收信号强度判断自己所处的能量区间,进而判定所处信标节点的射程区间.将射程区间信息转化为几何距离约束条件画弧,得到包围此未知节点的"目标环段区域",其中心作为未知节点的估计位置.仿真实验表明,本文算法在节点布放区域边长与无线射程接近或小于无线射程的条件下比Centroid、APIT、Bounding-Box、MLE算法具有更高的定位精度.A novel localization algorithm for wireless sensor network is presented. It established an interval mapping between the received signal power and the transmission range on the basis of the log-normal shadowing model and the ＂3a＂ principle of normal distribution. With this interval mapping technique, an unknown node got the energy intervals through received signal strengths （RSS）, and then determined which distance intervals of the transmission range it was located in from beacons. By transforming those intervals information into distance constraints, this algorithm drew arcs and thus formed several annulussegment areas. Their intersection, named ＂the target annulus-segment region＂, is the minimum area by which the unknown node is hemmed in, and its center position is applied to estimate the location of the unknown node. Compared with other RF- based localization algorithms such as Centroid, Bounding-Box, APIT and MLE, our algorithm performs better when the side length of the nodes distribution area is approximate to or shorter than the transmission range of the sensor nodes.

关 键 词：无线传感器网络 定位 信道模型 接收信号强度 

分 类 号：TP393[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]