清初徽州的“均图”鱼鳞册研究  

A Study of Juntu Fish-Scale Registers in Huizhou during the Early Qing Dynasty

作　　者：汪庆元[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省博物馆研究员,合肥230061

出　　处：《清史研究》2009年第2期48-63,共16页The Qing History Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“清代徽州鱼鳞图册研究”研究成果

摘　　要：清顺治七年徽州府休宁县攒造的"均图"鱼鳞册延用至民国。徽州鱼鳞册以"图"为编制单位,并在首页统计"图总"的土地数字,标明一图的大四至。"图"的四至变动反映了清初里甲的局部人地调整。该册所见:地权比较分散,里长占有土地不多;业主出都者为15%;具有永佃权底面分离的田地为11.35%;塘在册登记。顺治"均图"后,徽州都图区划稳定。明清基层社会"图"反映了里甲的土地分布,而业主的土地占有与里甲人户编制并不完全重合。由清入民,"地址明确"的"图"仍是地籍编制和赋税征收单位。The juntu （均图） fish-scale registers of Xiuning County, Huizhou, which were compiled in the seventh year of the Shunzhi reign, were still in use in the Republican period. It took the Tu as a unit, on the opening page it totaled the number of the Tu and it marked their four boundaries. The changes of the four boundaries reflected the partial adjustments of people and land in the Lijia in the early Qing. An examination of these registers reveals that land ownership was relatively decentralized and that the leaders of the lijia did not possess too much land, 15% of owners were absentees, and 11.35% of the land had permanent tenancy rights but no ownership rights, and ponds were also registered. After the compilation of juntu in the Reign of Shunzhi the regional administration of Huizhou was stable. The primary organization tu in the Ming and Qing dynasties revealed that the distribution of land and the ownership of land did not always exactly coincide with the population in lijia. From the Qing Dynasty to the Republican period, the Tu was the unit of cadastre formulation and tax collection.

关 键 词：清初 徽州 鱼鳞图册 里甲 都图 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]