五城市哮喘、季节性花粉过敏及湿疹的问卷调查结果  

A questionnaire based survey on prevalences of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in five Chinese cities (ISAAC study)

作　　者：陈育智[1,2,3,4,5] 赵铁兵 丁燕[1,2,3,4,5] 王海俊[1,2,3,4,5] 王红玉[1,2,3,4,5] 钟南山 肖曼琳[1,2,3,4,5] 多力坤 茅宝山[1,2,3,4,5] 陈坤华[1,2,3,4,5] 高武红 黄英[1,2,3,4,5] 熊大慧[1,2,3,4,5] 

机构地区：[1]首都儿科研究所 [2]广州呼吸系疾病研究所 [3]新疆医学院第一附属医院儿科 [4]上海闸北区中心医院 [5]重庆医科大学附属儿科医院

出　　处：《中华儿科杂志》1998年第6期352-355,共4页Chinese Journal of Pediatrics

摘　　要：目的了解中国五城市哮喘、季节性花粉过敏及湿疹的流行情况。方法采用ＩＳＡＡＣ调查方案，对北京、广州、乌鲁木齐、上海和重庆共１９００８名１３～１４岁为主的在校学生进行了哮喘、季节性花粉过敏及湿疹的有关症状及病史的书面问卷调查，并且还对哮喘进行了录像问卷调查。结果（１）各调查城市的应答率在９８％以上。（２）上述城市中过去１２个月内喘息的报告率分别是５．１％、３．４％、４．０％、３．３％和４．７％（χ２＝２４．９５，Ｐ＜０．００１）；相应的，既往有哮喘史的报告率分别是６．９％、３．９％、５．４％、７．１％和７．１％（χ２＝５３．７３，Ｐ＜０．００１）。在录像问卷中，过去１２个月内休息状态下出现喘息发作的在各城市分别占应答人数的３．３％、２．０％、１．８％、１．６％和１．３％（χ２＝４９．８６，Ｐ＜０．００１）。（３）在过去１２个月里伴有眼痒、流泪的鼻症状报告率依次为８５％、８７％、１１０％、５４％、５１％；（４）在过去１２个月里肘部等处出现反复６个月以上痒疹的报告率依次为２３％、１１％、１９％、１１％、１７％。结论有关哮喘的报告率水平在参加调查的五城市中各不相同；无论书面问卷还是录相问卷，均以北?Objective To estimate the prevalences of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in five mainland cities, China. Methods Totally 19 008 school children 13 to 14 years of age answered the ISAAC written questionnaire in Beijing, Guangzhou, Urumchi, Shanghai and Chongqing and video questionnaire for asthma related symptoms. Results The response rate was more than 98% in each city. The 12 month prevalence of wheezing in the 5 cities was 5.1%, 3.4%, 4.0%, 3.3% and 4.7% (χ 2=24.95, P <0.001), respectively. Correspondingly, the prevalence of history of asthma was 6.9%, 3.9%, 5.4%, 7.1% and 7.1% (χ 2=53.73, P <0.001). For the video questionnaire, the 12 month prevalence of wheezing at rest was reported as 3.3%, 2.0%, 1.8%, 1.6% and 1.3% (χ 2=49.86, P <0.001) by the students. The 12 month prevalence of nasal symptoms with watery and itchy eyes ranged from 5.1% in Chongqing to 11.0% in Urumchi while the 12 month prevalence of itchy rash coming and going for at least 6 months at elbow, etc. varied from 1.1% to 2.3%.Conclusion There were different self reported symptom prevalences of asthma in the five cities, the highest self reported symptom prevalence of asthma and eczema was in Beijing and that of allergic rhinitis in Uramchi.

关 键 词：哮喘 鼻炎 变应性鼻炎 湿疹 流行病学 儿童 

分 类 号：R725.622.5[医药卫生—儿科] R765.210.1[医药卫生—临床医学]