水体中甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)的植物修复  

Phyto-remediation of Methyltert-butylether(MTBE) in Polluted Water

作　　者：张秀芳[1] 赵晓松[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118

出　　处：《吉林大学学报（理学版）》2009年第3期634-638,共5页Journal of Jilin University:Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:30370159);吉林省科技发展计划项目基金(批准号:20050416)

摘　　要：研究凤眼莲对水体中甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)的吸收转移规律和富集特征.结果表明:胁迫5 d后,处理Ⅰ(整株凤眼莲)中MTBE的平均浓度减少了94.25%,处理Ⅱ(去叶凤眼莲)中MTBE的平均浓度减少了近50%,处理Ⅰ比处理Ⅱ约减少44%,而处理Ⅲ(对照)中MTBE的平均浓度只减少7.3%,表明凤眼莲叶片的蒸腾作用是水溶液中MTBE减少的主要原因.将实验所得数据进行回归分析得出:20℃时,水体中MTBE消失符合一级动力学方程;处理Ⅰ、处理Ⅱ的消失速率明显大于处理Ⅲ.凤眼莲暴露在ρMTBE<1 110 mg/L溶液中时,培养5 d未观察到MTBE对植物的毒性,蒸腾量与生物量比值变化不明显,当ρMTBE=1 480 mg/L时,凤眼莲的蒸腾量与生物量比值明显减小,凤眼莲叶片边缘干枯和萎黄.MTBE在凤眼莲根、茎、叶中的分布比例约为1∶1.5∶0.5,其分布规律为:茎>根>叶.Absorption and transportation of methyhert-butylether（MTBE） in water by Eichhornia crassipes were studied. Results show that concentrations of MTBE in treatments I,Ⅱ, and Ⅲ（control） were decreased by 94.25% , 50%, and 7.3% , respectively when they were exposed to MTBE for 5 d. This illustrates that the transpiration of the leaves of Eichhornia crassipes was the major cause for the reduction in concentration of MTBE in water solution. Regression analysis of the experimental data was performed, showing that the disappearance of MTBE in water solution was fitted to first order kinetic equation. Disappearance rate of MTBE in water in treatment m was obviously lower than that in treatment I or Ⅱ. This further demonstrates that transpiration plays a crucial role in the elimination of MTBE in water solution. No harm was observed and no difference in the ratio of transpiration quantity to biomass emerged when Eichhornia crassipes was exposed to MTBE at a concentration less than 1 110 mg/L for 5 d. Ratio of transpiration quantity to biomass reduced obviously and leaf edge was dried up and became etiolate when Eichhornia crassipes was exposed to MTBE at concentration 1 480 mg/L. By measuring the contents of MTBE in the root, stalk, and leaf of Eichhornia crassipes, it was found that concentration ratio of MTBE in root, stalk, and leaf was 1 ： 1.5 ： 0.5, which showed that the order of MTBE concentration in the tissues was stalk 〉 root 〉 leaf.

关 键 词：甲基叔丁基醚 凤眼莲 植物修复 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]