热带干旱森林恢复过程中栽培树木对缓解火灾的效用:案例研究  

The Role of Nurse Trees in Mitigating Fire Effects on Tropical Dry Forest Restoration:A Case Study

作　　者：Ricardo J.Santiago-García Sandra Molina Coloón Phillip Sollins Skip J. Van Bloem 马泽清 哈艳梅 

机构地区：[1]马亚古兹(Mayagüez)波多黎各大学农学系 [2]波多黎各庞塞圣天主教大学 [3]美国俄勒冈州立大学森林生态系统和社会系 [4]波多黎各大学Mayagüez.分校的农学和土壤系

出　　处：《AMBIO－人类环境杂志》2008年第7期534-538,共5页

摘　　要：在制定森林系统恢复计划时总是需要考虑火灾的威胁。在波多黎各干旱森林恢复项目执行时,曾于2006年和2007年发生了两次野火事件。该项目的最初目的是确定乡土树种在栽培的银合欢(Leucaena leucocephala)树下与在开阔地(林窗)中的不同生长响应。项目根据树种叶子的习性、演替状态以及火前环境条件抗性的研究,评估了林木的生长、死亡率和对火灾的响应。结果表明,无论树种叶子的习性和演替状态如何,在栽培树木之下都能长得更高,死亡率也更低。在开阔地带,树木对林火最常见的响应是发芽;成熟林和常绿树种的火后存活机率比先锋树种和落叶树种更高。虽然一般在再造林项目中使用栽培树木来调节养分或光环境,但它们看上去也附带了次级效益——通过减少可燃物,从而降低火灾的损失。The threat of fire is always a consideration when establishing a forest restoration program.Two wildfires occurred in 2006 and 2007 in an established dry forest restoration project in Puerto Rico.The original goal of the project was to determine differential growth responses of native trees under the nurse tree Leucaena leucocephala versus in open sites.Tree species growth,mortality and response to the fires were evaluated according to their leaf habit,successional status,and prefire tolerance to environmental conditions.Results showed that regardless of a species' leaf habit and successional status,trees attained greater height and lower mortality under nurse trees.In open sites,sprouting was the most common fire response and mature-forest and evergreen species had greater postfire survival than pioneers and deciduous species.Although nurse trees are typically used to help manage nutrient or light environments in reforestation projects,these trees also appear to provide a secondary benefit of limiting fire damage by reducing fuel load.

关 键 词：森林系统 火灾 树木 栽培 恢复过程 干旱 落叶树种 造林项目 

分 类 号：S718.55[农业科学—林学] TU998.1[建筑科学—市政工程]