煤尘大鼠染毒的呼吸毒理学研究  

Respiratory toxicology study in coal mine dust exposed rats

作　　者：李枫[1] 顾学箕[1] 边兆华[2] 尹忠诚[2] 钱峰高[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海医科大学WHO职业卫生合作中心 [2]淮北矿务局职业病防治院

出　　处：《职业医学》1998年第3期5-8,共4页China Occupational Medicine

摘　　要：采用大鼠气管内染尘方式，比较了不同矿区含硅量不等的煤样标本对肺细胞毒性和病理改变，并分析了大鼠支气管肺泡灌洗（ＢＡＬ）液中细胞成份与生化指标的变化，用全自动图象分析仪和数字模板画图仪进行了肺巨噬细胞内煤尘负荷的形态计量分析。主要结果为：①淮北矿务局九个矿区煤样标本的游离二氧化硅含量平均为６３３％；②ＢＡＬ液中细胞成份及生化指标的改变与煤尘含硅量有剂量—反应关系；③对每一巨噬细胞内含尘量的形态计量分析表明随着染尘剂量的增加，含尘巨噬细胞总数的百分率随之上升，巨噬细胞的表面积也随之增加，呈剂量效应关系；④本研究中煤尘引起大鼠病理组织上可见急性肺损伤的呼吸性粉尘的阈剂量为１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，未见明显急性损伤呼吸性尘的阈下剂量为７５ｍｇ／ｋｇ。据此推算，引起人急性肺毒性反应的呼吸性尘阈浓度为４０３６ｍｇ／ｍ３（相当于总尘空气浓度为１２１０８ｍｇ／ｍ３）。SD rats were intratracheally instillated with coal dust in different concentrations,after 48 hrs,the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from the treated rats was analyzed for cellular component,LDH,protein and other biochemical parameters as indicators of lung injury The burden of dust in alveolar macrophage was calculated by Cambridge Q520 Image Analyzer System The main results were as follows:① The average siliaca content of Hui Bei coal was 6 33%; ② The abnormality of cell component and biochemical indices in lung appeared to be associated with silica concentration of coal dust,showing a good dose response correlation between them;③ A colse correlation was shown between the morpho metrology analysis on macrophages and dust dosage,the higher the dose of dust,the greater the percentage of dust cell and greater the surface area of macrophages would be;④ The threshold concentration of coal dust, which induced the acute injury of rat lung,was 15 mg/kg,the subthreshold concentration,which couldnt induce signifciant acute lung injury was 7 5 mg/kg It could be assumed by these data that the concentration of respiratory coal dust which could induce acute injury of lung in coal miner would be 40 36 mg/m 3 (equal to 121 08 mg/m 3) of total air dust concetration It conclused that coal dust appeared to be able to induce acute lung injury of rats in lung,showing a cytotoxicity effect,however,it could be prevented by comprehensive dustproof measures

关 键 词：煤尘 形态计量分析 呼吸毒理学 尘肺 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生] R992[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]