云南省洱海周边地带大绒鼠体表寄生虫的多样性调查  

Diversity of Ectoparasites in a Population of Eothenomys miletus in the surrounding areas of Erhai lake in Yunnan province

作　　者：董文鸽[1] 郭宪国[1] 门兴元[2] 钱体军[1] 吴滇[1] 

机构地区：[1]大理学院病原与媒介生物研究所,云南大理671000 [2]山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所

出　　处：《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》2009年第3期193-197,共5页Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30460125)

摘　　要：目的了解洱海周边地带大绒鼠体表的寄生虫群落,并对其医学和兽医学的重要性进行描述。方法选取云南省洱海周边的不同地理方位作为野外抽样调查地点,用鼠笼加食饵诱捕小兽,每天早上检查捕获情况并更换诱饵。根据捕获小兽的体型、大小、颜色及体长、耳长和后足长等测量指标鉴定小兽并捡获其体表寄生虫。体表寄生虫经封片、透明、干燥后,在显微镜下鉴定寄生虫的种类。用染虫率和虫指数反映体表寄生虫的流行和密度状况,用统计分析中的非参数检验(Non-parametric Mann-Whitney U)分析雌雄小兽宿主间寄生虫数量差异,用Spearman相关分析(Spearman correlation analysis)分析体表寄生虫数量与宿主身体参数的关系。结果共捕获大绒鼠916只,其中756只体表有寄生虫,侵染率为83%。采集到的体表寄生虫有86种,包括51种恙螨,23种革螨,7种蚤和5种吸虱。其中17种以前已经被证明是人类疾病的主要媒介。结论大绒鼠的体表寄生虫多样性高,其中有17种曾经报道与人类疾病有关。大绒鼠很可能成为鼠疫、肾综合征出血热和灌丛斑疹伤寒等病原体的贮存宿主。Objective To understand the ectoparasite communities in a population of Eothenomys miletus in the surrounding areas of Erhai Lake and describe the importance of them in the medicinel and veterinary. Methods Investigation sites were randomly selected at different direction of surrounding areas of Erhai Lake in Yunnnan. Small mammals were captured by live traps with baits. The live traps were examined and the baits were changed each morning. Trapped small mammals were brought to the laboratory to identify according to their body shape, size and color, and some measurements such as body length, ear length and hind feet length, and ectoparasites were collected. Ectoparasites were identified under a microscope after mounting, clearity and desiccation. The constituent ratio （C）, prevalence （P） and average ectoparasite abundance （A） were used to reflect the prevalence and density of ectoparasites. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to test differences in the abundance and richness of eetoparasites between female and male hosts. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between ectoparasites and the body parameters of hosts. Results There were 916 E.miletus caught. Of which, a total of 756 were infested by ectoparasite, and the infestation rate was 83%. A total of 86 species of ectoparasite were collected, including 51 species of chigger mite, 23 species of gamasid mite, 7 species of flea and 5 species of sucking louse. Seventeen species were proved to be the main vectors of human disease. Conclusion There was very, high diversity of ectoparasites parasitized on E.miletus, and some species had been reported to be associated with human disease. E.miletus could be a natural reservoir of plague bacilli, epidemic haemorrhagie fever （korean baemorrhagic fever） viruses and scrub typhus.

关 键 词：大绒鼠 体表寄生虫 疾病 洱海 

分 类 号：S443[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] R38[农业科学—植物保护]