改良奶牛与传统蒙古黄牛的牛奶中雌激素和孕激素含量的比较  

The measurement of estrogen and progesterone in commercial and traditional cow milk

作　　者：周虹[1] 秦立强[2] 王燕[1] 王培玉[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院妇女与儿童青少年卫生学系,100191 [2]苏州大学放射医学与公共卫生学院 [3]北京大学公共卫生学院社会医学与健康教育学系

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2009年第6期509-512,共4页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：基金项目：国家自然科学基金（30471448）

摘　　要：目的测定我国目前市场上销售的改良奶牛的牛奶中雌激素和孕激素的含量，比较改良奶牛和传统蒙古黄牛所产牛奶的雌激素和孕激素含量。方法用酶联免疫试剂盒测定牛奶中的雌酮、雌二醇、孕酮含量；并通过文献阅读和现场调查比较家庭散养的蒙古黄牛和饲养基地的改良奶牛在饲养和牛奶生产上的差异。结果本研究中测定的蒙占黄牛奶中雌酮平均浓度为（98．5±12．4）pg／ml，雌二醇平均浓度为（24．6±3．0）pg／ml，孕酮平均浓度为（0．2±0．3）ng／ml。3种品牌的市售奶之间，雌激素和孕激素的浓度高低不等，雌酮浓度分别为（150．2±8．4）、（131．3±16．3）、（128．9±13．0）pg／ml；雌二醇浓度分别为（35．4±2．2）、（30．3±3．1）、（30．0±2．0）pg／ml；孕酮浓度分别为（20．2±1．5）、（18．1±2．2）、（16．5±2．4）ng／ml。3种市场奶中的雌酮、雌二醇以及孕酮的含量均高于黄牛奶中的含量（雌酮此较：t=5．43，19．23，5．89；雌二醇比较：t=4．14，4．93，14．03；孕酮比较：t=28．47，32．73，22．82；P值均〈0．05）。文献阅读和现场调查发现家庭散养的传统黄牛在妊娠中后期不产奶，而奶牛饲养基地的改良奶牛在雌激素和孕激素水平显著升高的妊娠中后期继续产奶，改良奶牛的泌乳期明显延长，产奶量明显增加。结论目前我国市场上销售的牛奶中含有一定量的雌激素和孕激素，含量高于蒙古黄牛生产的牛奶。这一结论不能否定牛奶的营养价值，旨在提醒大家关注牛奶中的雌激素和孕激素可能对健康产生的影响。Objective To detect the content of estrogen and progesterone in commercial milk in China and to compare the differences between commercial cows and traditional cows in the content of estrogen and progesterone of the milk, the breeding of cows and the process of milk production. Methods Enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to investigate the estrone, estradiol and progesterone in commercial and traditional milk, and literature review and field investigation was used to compare the differences of breeding and milk production. Results The mean concentration of estrone, estradiol and progesterone in Mongolian traditional cow milk was （98. 5 ± 12. 4） pg/ml, （24. 6 ±3. 0） pg/ml and （0. 2 ±0. 3） ng/ml, respectively. The concentrations of estrone were （ 150. 2±8.4）, （ 131.3 ± 16. 3 ） and （ 128.9 ±13.0） pg/ml; The concentrations of estradiol were （ 35.4 ± 2. 2 ）, （ 30. 3 ±3. 1 ） and （ 30. 0 ±2. 0） pg/ml; The concentrations of progesterone were （20. 2 ± 1.5）, （ 18. 1±2. 2） and （ 16. 5 ±2.4） ng/ ml, respectively. The content of estrogen and progesterone in commercial milks were higher than that in traditional milks （ estrone comparison： t = 5.43, 19. 23, 5.89; estradiol comparison： t = 4. 14, 4. 93, 14. 03 ; progesterone comparison ： t = 28.47, 32. 73, 22. 82 ; P 〈 0. 05 ）. Mongolian traditional cows did not lactate during the latter half of pregnancy. However, modem commercial cows might lactate almost in an entire period of pregnancy. Moreover, the lactating period was longer and milk production was higher in modem commercial cows than that in traditional cows. Conclusions The content of estrogen and progesterone in commercial milk in Chinese market detected might be higher than that in traditional milk.

关 键 词：牛 奶 雌激素类 孕激素类 

分 类 号：R686[医药卫生—骨科学]