我国铁路发展绩效与其他六国的比较  

The Comparison of Chinese Railways Development Performance with Six Other Countries

作　　者：张国强[1] 张宁[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学经济管理学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2009年第3期130-133,共4页China Railway Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金NSFC资助项目(70131160744;70521001);铁道部科技研究开发计划项目(2004F032)

摘　　要：采用铁路部门发展的统计指标,应用阀值法和统计方法构造相对生产力指数,应用数据包络分析(DEA)法构造相对生产效率指数;用构造的相对生产力指数和相对生产效率指数综合评价铁路部门发展绩效。计算相对生产力指数选取铁路营业总里程、单位国土面积的铁路密度、旅客周转量、货物周转量及劳动生产率5个指标。计算相对生产效率指数选取铁路总营业里程、客车保有量、货车保有量、旅客发送量4个投入指标,以及旅客周转量、货物周转量2个产出指标。以美国、德国、法国、俄罗斯、日本、印度6个国家铁路部门作为对比样本,与中国铁路部门进行比较。结果显示:中国铁路部门的相对生产力和相对生产效率均位居前列,表明中国铁路部门的生产能力、技术效率和规模效率得到了充分发挥,资源得到了有效利用。By using the statistical indices of railway development, the relative productivity index is constructed with threshold method and statistical method, and the relative production efficiency index is built with data envelope analysis （DEA） method. The development performance of Chinese railway is comprehensively evaluated with the constructed indices of relative productivity and relative production efficiency. Five indicators, including total length of railways in operation, length of railways per square kilometers, passenger-kilometers, ton-kilometers and labor productivity are used to calculate the index of relative pro- ductivity. For calculating the index of the relative production efficiency, there are four indicators： the total length of railways in operation, coaches and wagons stock in use and the total operation labors as inputs; two indicators： passenger-kilometers and ton-kilometers as outputs. There are six rail sectors of different countries including the U. S. , Germany, France, Russia, Japan and India which are used as the samples to compare with Chinese railway. Results show that Chinese railway has been in the leading position in both the relative productivity and the relative production efficiency. It indicates that the production capacity, technical efficiency and scale efficiency of Chinese railway have been brought into full play and the resources have been effectively utilized.

关 键 词：发展绩效 中国铁路 相对生产力 相对生产效率 

分 类 号：F531.3[经济管理—产业经济]