华北平原小麦季氮肥氨挥发损失及影响因素研究  

Ammonia volatilization of N fertilizer and influencing factors in the North China Plain

作　　者：王珏[1] 巨晓棠[2] 张丽娟[1] 张家铜[1] 袁丽金[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境学院,河北保定071000 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100094

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》2009年第3期5-11,共7页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30571110);十一五”国家科技支撑计划“粮食丰产科技工程项目(2006BAD02A08)资助

摘　　要：试验采用间歇式密闭室通气法，测定了冬小麦生长季氨挥发的损失量。结果表明：冬小麦施用氮肥后氨挥发速率升高，高峰期持续时间较短，基肥与追肥后氨挥发速率最大分别达到1.12 kg/（hm^2·d）和0.66 kg/（hm^2·d），可见冬小麦基肥氨挥发损失高于追肥。从整个生长季节来看，冬小麦不施氮和每公顷施氮75，150，225，300 kg小区的累计挥发量分别为5.25，5.97，7.22，9.31，12.85 kg/hm^2；冬小麦生长季节来自氮肥的氨挥发为0.72，1.97，4.07，7.61 kg/hm^2，占施氮总量的1.0%，1.3%，1.8%，4.2%。当氮施用量超过150 kg/hm^2时，由于氨挥发增加将使农田氮损失显著提高，通过Elovich动力学方程（y=a＋blnt）对时间和氨挥发量进行拟合。土壤0-10 cm NH4^＋-N含量和氨挥发量之间具有显著的相关性。而温度是氨挥发的重要影响因素。This paper aims to study the ammonia volatilization use continuous air flow enclosure method in wheat season. Results show that application of the basal caused the evaporation rate 1.12 kg/（hm^2 ·d） of ammonia to increase rapidly in short time; in jointing of wheat the top-dressing rate 0.66 kg/（hm^2·d） of ammonia volatility was low without any peak value. In light of Elovich＇ s dynamic equation （y = a ＋ blnt） to fitting between the time and amount of ammonia volatilization, the results showed that loss of ammonia volatilization of the basal was higher than the top-dressing. In the whole growing season of wheat, the experiment set five treatments： 0, 75, 150, 225, 300 N kg/hm^2 , the cumulative loss amount of their ammonia volatilization were 5.25, 5.97, 7.22, 9.31, 12.85 kg N/hm^2 respectively; Loss of N fertilizer was 1.0%, 1.3%, 1.8% ,4.2% respectively. And the amount of ammonia volatilization cannot be ignored for loss of N, when N fertilizer was applied more than 150 kg N/hm^2. Effect of temperature is important to amount of ammonia volatilization.

关 键 词：小麦 氨挥发 间歇式密闭室通气法 原位测定 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]