当代中国社会阶层分化现状及其走势  

Current Situations of Modern China's Stratum Differentiation and Its Trend

作　　者：王刘玉[1] 高军[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨理工大学,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《学术交流》2009年第6期144-149,共6页Academic Exchange

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目<社会主义核心价值体系建设与巩固党的执政基础研究>的阶段性成果(07BDJ017)

摘　　要：改革开放30年来,我国社会阶层结构发生了广泛而深刻的变化,即由原来的工人阶级、农民阶级和知识分子阶层,分化为:1.主体阶层,包括产业工人、农业劳动者、国家和社会管理者、经理人员、专业技术人员和商服员工;2.新生阶层,包括民营科技企业创业人员、外企管理技术人员、中介组织从业人员、自由职业者、个体工商户和私营企业主;3.过渡阶层,包括城乡失业半失业人员、退休职工和防卫群体。未来社会阶层分化发展的趋势在于:一是主流不变,伴随中间阶层的不断壮大,我国社会阶层结构将逐步从"洋葱头"型向"橄榄型"发展;二是结构多元,社会阶层分层化和群体化趋势日益加剧;三是流动加速,将实现从"身份"依赖到"契约"资格的体制性突破。正确认识并把握社会阶层分化现状及其发展走势,是中国共产党在新的历史时期扩大群众基础、增强阶级基础、巩固执政基础,使党的工作和党的建设更加符合科学发展观要求的迫切需要。In the past 30 years since the reform and opening -up to the outside, our social stratum has undertook extensive and deep changes, that is, primary classes including workers, farmers and intellectuals were shifted into： 1. major classes, covering industrial workers, farmers, national and social managers, personnel for management, technical personnel and service staff; 2. new - born classes, ranging from pioneering personnel in mass- run technological enterprises, managers and specialists in foreign companies, to workers for agencies, freelances, individual businessmen, private enterprise owners; 3. transitional classes, including the unemployed and half- unemployed in cities and towns, the retired and servicing groups for public security. The future stratum differentiation, as the paper suggested , goes to the following three trends： 1. invariable mainstream, social class structure will gradually develop with ever- growing middle class, from ＂onion bulb＂ to ＂olive- shaped＂ mode; 2. diversified structure, more obviously stratified and massified stratum; 3. increasing flow, realizing the break from ＂identity＂ dependence to ＂contract＂ qualification. Therefore, we should understand and grasp in a right way current situation of stratum differentiation and its trend, which remain an urgent requirement governing foundation in the of our C. P. C. for enlarging masses basis, enhancing class basis, strengthening new historical period, so as to make the work and building of our party more accord with scientific outlook of development.

关 键 词：中国社会 阶层 主体阶层 新生阶层 过渡阶层 

分 类 号：C91[经济管理]