中国环境史研究的过去、现在和未来  

The Past,Present,and Future of Environmental History in China

作　　者：梅雪芹[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学历史学院

出　　处：《史学月刊》2009年第6期17-38,共22页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地基金资助项目"环境史研究与20世纪中国史学"(项目批准号:06JJD770004)中期成果

摘　　要：中国环境史研究具有明显的阶段性变化。在1949年后很长一段时间,与环境史相关的研究主要在自然科学的范畴内进行,人文社会科学研究中"环境缺失"是一突出现象。90年代以来,中国学者在环境史研究方面有很大的推进,出现了许多新的变化,其中最为重要的是环境史已具备了作为一门学科而从自然科学和传统的历史地理学中独立出来的强劲势头,其学科理论体系也基本成型。在环境史学科理论体系建设过程中,中国学者围绕什么是环境史这一核心命题,对其定义和研究对象、理论、治史原则与方法、学科任务与研究意义等问题作了广泛而深入的探讨。通过讨论,中国学者认识到,环境史具有比较明确的研究对象、理论和方法以及相对独特的学术目标,完全有资格成为历史科学中的一门独立学科和一个独立研究领域。环境史作为一门学科,在研究方法上具有典型的跨学科特征;在研究对象上具有广泛的统摄性特点,举凡人类与环境彼此发生相互作用关系的内容,都属于其研究对象之范围;其立足点则在于自然与文化之间。The development of environmental history in China has experienced several radically different phases. During a long time period after 1949 the research related to environmental history in China was confined to natural sciences while the phenomena of ＂lacking environment＂ in humanity and social science were serious. Since the 1990s, Chinese scholars have made great advances in the research on environmental history, and many new changes have appeared. The most important among them is that environmental history has been becoming an independent field separated from natural sciences and traditional historical geography, and its theoretical system of discipline has taken in shape. During the process of constructing the theory of environmental history, Chinese scholars have had broad and deep discussion on many issues of the field such as its definition, object, theory, principle, method, aim, and significance focusing on the central theme—— ＂what is environmental history？＂. Through the discussion, Chinese scholars have recognized that environmental history has its particular object, theory, method, and comparatively unique academic aim; thus, it is undoubtedly qualified to be an independent subject and field in history. Furthermore, as an independent field, environmental history applies a method which has typical inter-disciplinary characters, and covers various and comprehensive objects. Thus, all the aspects of the interaction between human beings and natural environment belong to the field of environmental history whose focus is on the continuum between nature and culture.

关 键 词：环境史 中国环境史研究 物候学 历史地理学 

分 类 号：X-09[环境科学与工程]