秦岭山地天然油松林群落结构特征和数量分类研究  

Community Composition and Classification of Natural Forest of Chinese Pine(Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) in Qinling Mountains

作　　者：王得祥[1] 蔺雨阳[2] 雷瑞德[1] 杨涛[2,3] 王强[2] 雍小华[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨陵712100 [2]西北农林科技大学资源与环境学院,陕西杨陵712100 [3]陕西省治沙研究所,陕西榆林719000

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2009年第5期1016-1025,共10页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家科技部科技基础性工作专项(2007FY110800);秦岭生态站及其所在省区森林生态质量状况评估技术项目(2006BAD03A0702/wb04);中国森林生态系统服务功能定位观测与评价技术研究项目(200704005/wb06)

摘　　要：根据对秦岭油松群落的系统调查,运用二元指示种分析(TWINSPAN)方法将秦岭山地油松群落进行数量划分;采用无偏对应分析(DCA)研究分类结果,研究各群丛的结构特征,进而明确它们之间的内在联系以及群落与环境的关系.结果显示:(1)在调查的39个样地中共发现有维管束植物375种,隶属于89科189属,其中被子植物85科;裸子植物1科;蕨类植物3科.群落垂直结构明显,分为乔木层、亚乔木层、灌木层及草本层4个层次.(2)数量分类将秦岭山地油松群落划分为13个群丛;应用DCA分析结果同TWINSPAN分类结果吻合得较好,很好地佐证了数量分类结果的合理性.各群丛在空间上的生态距离能够说明不同群丛演变需要的生态条件和亲缘距离".生态距离的远近也可以表征互相演变趋势强弱.(3)秦岭山地油松群落分布的海拔幅度大,从低海拔湿润环境到高海拔甚至山脊的干燥环境,物种容量大,很好地保存了稀有物种.Based on the systematic investigation of Pine community, we conducted quantitative classification of Pine community with the TWINSPAN and DCA methods. The vegetation survey on a natural forest of Chinese pine （Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. ） in Qinling Mountains indicated that there were 375 species of vascular plants in 189 genera of 89 families in 39 plots including 85 families of Angiosperm, 1 families of Gymnospermae and 3 families of Pteridophyta in the survey. The results also show that the vertical structure of the community was obvious, which composed of tree layer, sub-tree layer, bush layer and grass layer. Total 13 associations were classified by TWINSPAN. Ecological distance of each association analyzed by DCA explained the ecological conditions for the evolution of different association and genetic relationship. The results show that the altitude of distribution of pine community varied greatly, scarce species was well protected and species capacity was large at low altitude and high altitude and even in droughty ridge. It is better for species biodiversity to protect the original and secondary characteristics of Chinese pine.

关 键 词：TWINSPAN 油松群落结构 群丛 DCA 

分 类 号：Q151.93[生物学—普通生物学] Q948.3