放牧鹿科动物对植物群落结构及物种多样性的影响  

Influence of Deer Grazing on Plant Community Structure and Species Diversity

作　　者：沈广爽[1] 张明海[1] 夏茜[1] 钱执强[1] 聂文龙[2] 张胜[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物资源学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [2]燕山大学机械工程学院,河北秦皇岛066004

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2009年第3期86-90,共5页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(基于粪便分子生物学和3S技术确定马鹿家域方法的研究[C130302]);国家林业局项目(东北地区鹿类栖息地评价);黑龙江省自然科学基金重点项目(森林破碎化对鹿类动物的影响及适应机制研究[ZJN-0501])

摘　　要：分别于2006年3月和2007年3月在黑龙江省林业科学院平山野生动物实验场所属鹿场开展了半圈养条件下马鹿、梅花鹿对植被啃食情况的调查分析。结果表明:由于放牧过程中鹿科动物的啃食、践踏作用干扰了植被的环境,改变了群落内物种的竞争力和环境条件,使物种的丰富度、均匀度明显降低,优势度升高,两种多样性指数都表现出不同程度的降低,植物功能群也发生了明显的改变;而2007年较2006年鹿场内的均匀度指数、多样性指数又有一定程度的降低,鹿场内的植物群落环境进一步恶化,放牧制度急需改善。The condition of vegetation browsed by Cervus elaphus and Cervus nippon feed on semi-en- closure condition was investigated from Mar. 2006 and Mar. 2007 in the Deer Farm pertain to Pingshan wildlife Laboratory of HeiLongjiang Academy of Forestry. The results showed that the gnawing and tram- piing of Cervide during graze interfered the environment of vegetation, changed the competitive ability and circumstance of the species in a community, which formed the types of community. So that the species richness, vegetation equality decreased, increased predominance, the two types of diversity index showed varying degrees of lower. Plant functional group composition had obviously changed. Compared with 2006 ,the vegetation equality index, diversity index of deer farm inner in 2007 reduced in great degree . In the deer farm , the vegetation community environment worsens further , grazing system is badly in need of im- provement.

关 键 词：放牧 多样性 植物生活型 

分 类 号：S811.5[农业科学—畜牧学]